Cultivation techniques of Coptis chinensis

This paper collates the cultivation techniques of Coptis chinensis, including land selection and preparation, planting methods and field management.

I. selection of land and land preparation

The main results are as follows: 1. the seedling land should choose the oil bamboo mixed wood woodland with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, rich in humus, strong drainage capacity and good permeability. the soil is slightly acidic to neutral, and the topography should be on a gentle slope with oblique light not more than 30 degrees in the morning and evening. Avoid continuous cropping.

Wei Lian: cut down bamboo, wood, weeds and litter to make fertilizer before sowing. Ploughing 20 cm, rake fine; if you choose mature land, combined with ploughing mu of barnyard manure and soil fertilizer 4000-6000 kg; rake fine. Then make a high bed with a width of 1-1.5 meters.

Yalian: when the wasteland was opened up from April to May, tree trunks, branches and bamboo were reserved for shed construction, dead branches and leaves were burned for fertilizer, and a high border with a width of 1.3-1.7 meters was made along the slope. The stones picked out in the ditch were built into stone ridges at the lower end of the slope, and bamboo roots were left on the border to prevent soil erosion caused by the survival of frozen ridges in winter and flood erosion in summer.

Yunlian: choose more forest cultivation, the transmittance should be 30%. The ground litter burns ash as fertilizer, ploughing depth of about 25 cm, fully weathered. Turn again before planting, combined with 5000 kg of humus soil and 250kg of plant ash per mu of cultivated land. Make the border according to the topography, the width of the border is about 1.3 meters, and the furrow should be straight to facilitate drainage. Those with large slopes should be made into terraces.

2. The selection of transplanting fields is the same as that of raising seedlings.

Land preparation: (1) barren planting and continuous cutting of mountains: cut down and shovel all trees and weeds in February-March of the year of planting or September-October of last year. Wood can be used as shed wood. Smoked soil: dig up 7-10 cm humus soil in topsoil on a sunny day and burn it with soil blocks mixed with fallen leaves and weeds to keep dark fire smoked and add soil when you see open fire. After several days, the fire was put out and the earth was cold and turned over. If the humus layer is thick, only the surface humus soil will be dug loose, and there is no need to fumigate the soil, that is, "native planting"; turning over the ground: it is too deep to move the bottom soil to the limit. When there are tree roots and persistent root weeds, they must be picked out and raked finely and leveled; to make a border, the width of the border is generally based on the distance between piles and the width of the ditch, and the horizontal pile is located in the middle of the border. The width of the ditch is generally not less than 33 cm and the depth is about 15 cm. Horizontal trenches should be opened at both ends of each bed to facilitate drainage. Paving: spread smoked soil or humus on the border, 15-20 cm thick. Rake the smoked soil fine before planting, pick up the grass roots, stones, etc., and the border surface is arched. (2) the continuous selection of land for inter-forest planting is the same as raising seedlings, and the planting of land preparation is the same as that of raw wasteland, which can be made according to local conditions and planted with smoked soil, humus soil or original soil. (3) planting mature land, applying barnyard manure or compost 4000-6000 kg per mu before land preparation, turning 20 cm deep, raking fine to make beds, the method is the same as that of raw wasteland.

II. Planting methods

The main results are as follows: 1. In the fourth year of seed harvest, planting and transplanting, the number of seeds is large (about 10 kg per mu), the seeds are full and full, and the germination rate is high, which is the most suitable for planting. Before and after the Beginning of Summer, when the fruit turns yellowish green and cracks appear, and the seeds turn yellowish green, they are harvested in sunny days. After harvest, after 2-3 days all the fruits are cracked, the seeds are shaken out and spread indoors in a moist place, about 1 cm thick, turning once a day to prevent fever and mildew. Generally, they can be preserved for about half a month. If it is stored for a long time, you can dig a hole under the outdoor tree where the humidity is suitable, or select a cave with suitable conditions, mix the seeds with 3-5 times fine sand or sandy humus soil (water content 25-30%), spread out, about 1-2 cm thick, and cover with a thin layer of wet sand or humus soil. Seal the hole and leave a little gap for ventilation. Check regularly and water should be drenched if the humidity is not enough.

2. Raising seedlings and setting up a shed: generally, summer sowing is set up in autumn, and autumn sowing in soil preparation. Raising seedlings for 2 years can build a low shed of 60-70 cm. Shrubs and bamboo are mostly used in shed materials, and the mulch should not be too dense. One bed and one shed.

Sowing: sowing from October to November. The sowing rate per mu is 2.5-3 kg. Mix the seeds with fine humus soil 20-30 times before sowing, spread the border surface according to the amount, press slightly after sowing, and cover the fine soil. In dry areas in winter, cover with a layer of fallen grass after sowing to keep the soil moist. After thawing in the next spring, remove the cover grass to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. Summer sowing is seldom used.

3. Solid and durable materials were selected for transplanting. The barren planting is planted in the shed after deforestation, and the mature soil is planted in front of the soil preparation. There are two kinds of high shed and low shed in Huanglian shed: the high shed uses the trees felled during deforestation as shed materials, the height of the shed is about 2 meters, the degree of gloom in the shed is 60-70%, and the density should be uniform. Then clamp the fence and require the door to be firmly retained. During the growing period, the shed cover is damaged or sparse and uneven, so it should be repaired and adjusted in time; the dwarf shed is about 1 meter high, with more shrubs, bamboo and so on. One bed and one shed.

Yalian set up a shed after land preparation, generally using materials cut down by reclamation to build a shed; generally, 40% light transmission is appropriate, and can be transplanted in spring, summer and autumn. The survival rate is high after planting in February-March in spring, which is the best period. Choose strong 2-year-old seedlings, pull them out on a sunny day or after rain, shake off the soil, and cut off the overlong whisker roots 1 cm away from the rhizome. If you can't finish planting on the same day, pile it in a wet place and use it again after being soaked on the second day. Yalian was propagated by stolon cuttings 3-5 years after transplanting. It is better to have more than 3 leaves, large and full bud and thick stem.

Most of Yunlian were cut with aboveground stems transplanted for 2-3 years. Planting method: choose cloudy or sunny days to plant. Avoid planting in rainy days. Generally, the distance between rows and plants is 10 cm, and 55-60 thousand seedlings are planted per mu. Seedlings should not be too shallow, generally suitable age seedlings should be completely buried below the leaves, with a maximum depth of not more than 6 cm.

Yalian should be planted before and after the Beginning of Autumn (early August). Row spacing 10 cm, plant spacing 10-13 cm, so that the bud into the soil 3 cm. The bud should not be damaged when planting, 50-60,000 seedlings per mu. After planting, spread the canopy material on the border, and put it on the shed after melting snow in the second year.

Spring is better for Yunlian. Autumn takes place in August. The depth of planting seedlings should be that the leaves should not enter the soil, and should not be bent. The row spacing is 12-16 cm, the plant spacing is about 6.6 cm, and about 30,000 plants are planted per mu.

III. Field management

1. The seedlings should be replenished in time in the first 3 years after planting. Generally, the seedlings were replenished twice, the first time was in the autumn of the current year, and the second time was before the new leaves were released after snowmelt in the following year.