Cultivation techniques of traditional Chinese Medicine Panax Notoginseng

I. selection of land and land preparation

Site selection: the principle of "slope is better than flat" should be grasped. The slope is generally 5 °~ 15 °, and the south slope and southeast slope are the best. Loam and sandy loam are suitable for cultivation of Panax notoginseng, which requires loose soil, good drainage, rich humus and soil pH5~7. Panax notoginseng can not be continuous cropping, it is suitable to choose the plot that has not been planted in six years as the planting land of Panax notoginseng, often choose raw wasteland and abandoned land to raise seedlings is the most ideal. In addition, corn, legume crops are better than vegetables, buckwheat, eggplant and so on. Panax notoginseng should be cultivated in arid climate areas, and the site selection should be close to water sources.

Soil preparation: the cultivation of Panax notoginseng should be carried out 4-5 months before planting and sowing. Usually the wasteland is turned over from June to July, and the mature land is turned over in August, and the turning depth is 30cm (generally not lower than 15cm). Combined with ploughing, base fertilizer was applied, the application rate was rotten barnyard manure 1 500~2500kg/667, and mixed with 40~100kg lime powder. From ploughing to sowing or transplanting, it should be ploughed for 2 or 3 times to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter. For the last ploughing, you need to pick out sundries such as roots, weeds and stones. The border needs to be made before sowing (planting). The width of the border is 140 to 160, the height of the border is 20 to 25 according to the slope, the width of the upper ditch is 30 to 50, and the width of the lower is about 20. Panax notoginseng is required to be narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and there is a tile type on the soil. After making a bed in some places, the bed surface is compacted with a board, and then 15cm thick Artemisia grass is spread on the bed surface and burned to increase the available nutrients on the bed and to disinfect the bed surface.

Shade shed construction

1. Construction of special shade net shade canopy: plant 3.0 m × 1.8 m, lay large pole (or iron wire) to fix, cover sunshade net, add anti-pressing film line (iron wire) in the middle of two rows of large poles, tighten the pressing film line in the shape of "human" with iron wire in each empty, fix it in the middle of left and right two or seven forks, so that the shade is rice-shaped, in order to prevent wind and drainage. The height of the shade shed is about 1.8 meters from the ground and 2 meters from the bottom of the ditch. Horse piles with round edges tighten and fix the film-pressing line, and the whole sunshade net surface should be tightened.

two。 The construction of traditional shade canopy: planting according to 1.7 m × (1.7 m ~ 2.0 m), covered with large poles (or iron wire), fixed, no room for 4'5 small poles, covered with ceiling grass (crop rods, but it is best not to use corncobs), plus 2 ~ 3 strips, dimming, fixed. Attention should be paid to the transmittance of the shade shed to be uniform and consistent as far as possible.

II. Planting methods

Sowing and transplanting

The cultivation of Panax notoginseng is to implement the method of seedling transplanting, and the time of sowing and transplanting is generally from the middle and late December to the middle and late January of the following year. Raise seedlings for one year, grow for three years after transplanting and harvest and process.

Sowing seeds

Wash the full seeds with clean water and select the full seeds that sink to the bottom of the water, soak the seeds with 300 times 65% zinc and other fungicides for 2 hours, remove and mix bone powder or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and then sow the seeds. Because the natural conditions during the period from sowing to seedling emergence in Yunnan and Guangxi (from the middle of November to the middle and late February of the following year) are just suitable for the natural post-ripening of Panax notoginseng seeds, so there is no need for special artificial germination. Including the last batch of seeds harvested in the first ten days of January, they will be sown in time after harvest, and they can also be completed and ripened at the end of April of that year, and seedlings can emerge soon after sowing.

Most of the sowing of Panax notoginseng uses hole sowing or strip sowing, and many units do embossing and sowing after the bed, and then cover the soil fertilizer with 2~3cm (mixed with matured barnyard manure and bed soil in equal volume). The bed after sowing should be covered with a layer of straw or other artemisia grass without seeds (thick 3~5cm). 7-120000 seeds were used in every 667m seedling field, which was equivalent to red seed (fruit) 10~11kg.

Transplant

The seedlings of Panax notoginseng were transplanted after one year. It is generally transplanted from December to January of the following year. It is required to pick up seedlings, select seedlings and transplant at the same time. Sprinkle water on the bed 1-2 days before seedling emergence to make the topsoil drenched. When rooting, strictly prevent damage to root strips (roots are called sub-strips in producing areas) and spores. When selecting seedlings, disease, injury and weak seedlings should be removed, and good seedlings should be cultivated by grades. The seedlings were cultivated by grades before transplanting to ensure the quality of seedlings. The classification of Panax notoginseng seedlings is divided into three grades according to the size and weight of roots, the length of root strips is similar, the weight of 1000 roots above 2kg is the first grade, and the weight of thousand roots 1.5~2kg is the second grade and the weight of thousand roots below 1.5kg is the third grade.

When transplanting and placing seedlings, the direction of the bud head in the whole garden should be the same in order to facilitate management. The seedlings are placed from the bottom to the high place on the slope and gentle slope, the roots of the first row of seedlings are above the slope, the roots of the second row are facing down the slope, the buds are facing the top of the slope, the roots on both sides of the box face inward, and the buds are set outward. The row spacing of transplanting was 18cm for grade 1 and grade 2 seedlings and 15cm for grade 3 seedlings. Plant distance: the first grade seedling is 18cm, and the third grade seedling is 15cm. Most of the producing areas open the shallow trenches of 3~5cm according to the prescribed row spacing, and then put the roots flat in the trenches, and the spores should be in the same direction. Place and cover with soil and grass (thick 5cm). The seedlings should be disinfected before planting, and more than 300 times 65% zinc should be dipped in the roots of Panax notoginseng (so that there is a layer of medicine film outside the whole root of Panax notoginseng). After dipping, it is immediately removed to dry and planted in time.

III. Field management

1. Weeding and cultivating soil: Panax notoginseng is a medicinal plant with shallow roots, and most of its roots are concentrated in the surface 15cm layer, so it can not be ploughed and loosened. Weeding work is carried out at any time, where there is grass, pull up as soon as possible while small, otherwise pulling up the grass will bring out Panax notoginseng root or loose Panax notoginseng root will affect the growth and development and yield. When you find seven roots exposed when weeding, you should cover them with fine soil in time and spread the bedding grass evenly.

two。 Irrigation and drainage: Panax notoginseng is not resistant to high temperature and drought, so it is necessary to irrigation frequently in high temperature or dry season and always keep the bed moist. Panax notoginseng is not only afraid of drought, but also afraid of excessive humidity, so the amount of irrigation cannot be large, and it should be irrigated less, frequently and evenly. Neither splash nor flood. What is often said in the producing area is this kind of meaning. When the rainy season comes, it is necessary to alienate good drains, strictly prevent stagnant water in the fields, and pay attention to reducing the air humidity in the fields.

3. Topdressing: the cultivation of Panax notoginseng requires topdressing many times every year, and the current experience is as follows:

At the initial stage of seedling emergence and leaf exhibition, the grass ash was sprinkled on the bed surface for 2 times, and the dosage was 50~100kg for every 667m.

In the later stage of leaf development, that is, in April and May, the mixture of organic fertilizer and fumigated soil was applied once a month, and the dosage was 1000kg per 667m. From June to July, the amount of topdressing was 2000 kg per 667m, and 15kg/667 superphosphate was still needed to stay in the field.