Cultivation techniques of Chinese Medicinal Materials for promoting Intelligence

Land selection and preparation

The nursery land should be properly shaded, moist, well drained, loose and fertile. After deep ploughing and fine raking, the nursery bed is 1-1.2 meters wide and 15-20 centimeters high; the field should choose valleys or hillsides with shaded trees, fertile soil and moist soil, first cut down dwarf shrubs and weeds, leaving taller shaded trees, and then carry out banded soil preparation and burrowing. The distance of the acupoint is 1.5 × 2 meters, the depth of the acupoint is 30 cm and the width is 40 cm. If you plant under the rubber forest, you can open holes in the rubber forest rows with a distance of 1.5 meters, and the number of rows is 2. Put soil and miscellaneous fertilizer into the hole as base fertilizer and wait for planting.

Planting method

Two methods of seed propagation and separate plant propagation are used in production.

1. Seed propagation

Harvest and seed treatment: when the fruit matured from May to June every year, the plants with strong, long ear, large and full fruit, spicy seeds and high yield were selected as the mother plant, and the mature fruits with large and full grains and no diseases and insect pests were selected as seeds. After the fruit is harvested, peel off the peel and pile it indoors for 2-3 days, then mix the seed ball with a small amount of fine sand and 30% plant ash, add water, rub with hands, until the pulp is rubbed clean, slowly pour out the water and pulp, and then Amoy out the seeds. Put it in a cool place to dry or mix tide and wet sand for storage. Generally, 1.4 kg of pure seeds can be washed for every 10 kg of Yizhi fresh fruit, and the germination rate can be maintained at 46-56% after storage for 2 months, but do not dry and store.

Sprouting: the seeds are solid and waxy. Soak the seeds in cold water for 1-2 hours before sowing, then soak them in 40 ℃ of warm water for 20 minutes, remove them and soak them in cold water for 20-24 hours, then sprout in a sand bed or flowerpot. Pay attention to frequent watering, keep the sand bed moist, about 10-15 days, the seeds begin to germinate, grow small white roots, then can be taken out in batches to sow and raise seedlings.

Raising seedlings: on the prepared seedbed, open a shallow ditch 5 cm wide and 2 cm deep according to the row spacing of 10-12 cm, apply stable fertilizer or burning soil as base fertilizer, sow budding seeds according to the plant spacing of 5 cm, then cover the soil with weeds and pour water to moisturize. The seedlings began to be unearthed after about 10-15 days, and almost all came out after 20 days.

2. Ramet propagation

The main producing areas are usually carried out during the rainy season. Select the plants with many tillers, high yield and no diseases and insect pests, and divide the underground stem and associated new buds from the mother plant, 3-5 plants per clump with 2-3 new buds or young shoots. Before planting, cut off the stems and leaves of more than 30 cm of erect stems, and trim the old and weak roots that are too long.

3. Colonization

The planting period of seed seedling is divided into two seasons in spring and autumn, and ramet propagation should be carried out in autumn. There are 3-5 plants per hole for ramet propagation, and the seed reproduction depends on the sprouting of the seedlings. If there are less than 3 buds, 3 plants are cut and planted in one hole. When planting, it should not be too deep, cover the soil with the surface of the hole after planting, and set the root water. Plant 150-200 clumps per mu.

Field management

The main results are as follows: 1. in the seedling stage, the first fertilization was carried out when the seedlings grew 3-4 true leaves, and then once every 15 days, the dilute urine at 1:10 was applied at first, and then thickened one by one. After 8-10 months, the seedlings were transplanted and planted when the height of the seedlings was 25-35 cm and the new buds were 3-5.

2. Always keep the soil moist after irrigation and drainage planting. In case of drought in the dry season, especially in the flower and fruit period, water should be drenched or irrigated, and stagnant water should be removed in time after the rainstorm.

3. Within 2 years after planting, weeding and loosening soil should be done three times a year, in February, June and September, respectively. After entering the flowering and fruiting stage in the third year, it needs to be managed twice a year, the first time from July to August after fruit harvest and the second from November to December before flowering to remove weeds and loosen the soil completely. Loose soil should be shallow so as not to damage rhizomes and buds.

4. topdressing is carried out after loosening the soil and weeding. In order to promote the sprouting of plants in the first year after planting, more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied. In the second year, in order to promote flowering and fruiting, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be given priority to, and organic fertilizer should be applied properly. In the third year, after fruit harvest from July to August, cut off weak plants and fruiting plants, hoe the weeds around the clumps, and apply 100-200 grams of compound fertilizer per clump. 100-200 grams of compound fertilizer per clump, and the second time from December to January of the following year, 5-7.5 kg per clump or 10-20 kg of barnyard manure plus 100 g compound fertilizer Or add a small amount of boron and copper to promote flower bud differentiation and flower formation and development. If possible, you can apply strong flower and fruit protection fertilizer once in March-April, or spray 0.5% boric acid or 3% superphosphate solution in the afternoon or evening during the bud opening period, so as to increase the fruit setting rate and fruit number.

5. After harvesting the fruit every year, the plants that have already borne fruit and the diseased and weak plants should be removed in order to reduce the consumption of nutrients, promote the growth of new buds and increase the effective plants that bloom and bear fruit. In addition, it is necessary to cut off the new buds sprouting from March to July, because the plant can not catch up with the flowering in the second year, and it will die before the flowering season in the third year, which consumes nutrients and affects the yield.