Prevention and Control of Diseases and pests of Panax Notoginseng

There are many diseases and insect pests in Panax notoginseng, and the common diseases are black spot, root rot, epidemic disease, anthracnose, rust, yellow greasy disease, powdery mildew and gray spot of Panax notoginseng. Common pests are short beard mites, slugs, red spiders, aphids and so on.

1. Black spot: after the onset of stem and flower axis, the spot is brown and oval at the beginning, then the upper and lower part of the spot expands and sinks, and finally the disease part is broken, resulting in stem withering or flower moss drooping and withering and death. The leaves are damaged, resulting in nearly round or irregular waterlogged brown spots, which are prone to perforation and rupture. The disease spot expands rapidly in wet weather, especially in the high temperature and rainy season from June to August, resulting in leaf shedding. After the fruit was killed, irregular waterlogged disease spots appeared on the surface, and the pericarp gradually dried and shrunk, resulting in black mildew. The root showed brown wet rot after being killed, and then gradually rotted.

Control methods: ① selected disease-free seedlings, do a good job of seedling disinfection: soak the seeds with 500-fold solution of carbendazim or carbendazim for half an hour, soak the seedlings for 5 minutes for 10 minutes. ② strict land selection, Panax notoginseng orchard is generally suitable to choose raw wasteland, avoid continuous cropping, especially with peanut continuous cropping, can rotate with non-soil crops such as corn for more than 3 years. ③ is reasonably close-planted, and the field transmittance should be controlled at 25%-30%. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, ④ should timely topdressing and watering, pay attention to the proper proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, apply more potassium fertilizer and control nitrogen fertilizer. Manure and water can be applied 4 times in a year. ⑤ chemical control, the test showed that the mixture of Dysenamine and Dysenzin (1 300 times) or the mixture of Dysenz Zinc and Acetobacter (1RU 300 times) or anthrax Fumet 1ZL 800 times had better control effect on the disease.

two。 Panax notoginseng epidemic disease: also known as "rotten leaves", the main harm to the leaves, the damaged leaves are like scalds, showing dark green water stains, and the disease is serious when it is hot and humid from June to August. Generally speaking, the disease is also induced by rain in early spring or low temperature and heavy rain in late autumn.

Control methods: ① clean the countryside, lift the dead branches and leaves in winter, and burn them centrally. Before the onset of ②, Bordeaux solution was sprayed at 1:1:50, once a semimonthly, for 2 times and 3 times in a row. After the onset of the disease, 65% Dysen zinc was sprayed, or 1000 times of acetaminophen, or 1000 times of dimethazone, once every 7 days, for 3 times in a row.

3. Root rot: also known as "chicken shit rotten", harms the roots, the injured roots gradually black-brown soft rot is gray-white pulp, fishy smell.

Prevention and cure method: ① chooses the plot with good drainage to plant, and the planting land had better choose the raw and wasteland with loose soil and good drainage, and drain in time in the rainy season. When transplanting ②, Panax notoginseng without disease was selected. ③ removed the diseased plants and disinfected the acupoints with lime in time. During the onset of ④, the disease area was irrigated with carbendazim 100 times or 50% methyl topiramate 1000 times.

4. Blight: also known as "rotten foot plague", which harms seeds, seed buds and the stem base of seedlings. The seeds rotted in the shape of milky white pulp, the seed buds died in dark brown, the base of the injured pseudostem (petiole) showed a dark brown ring depression, and the seedlings collapsed and died.

Control method: disinfect the soil with carbendazim or Arnebia solution before sowing ①. ② found that the diseased plant was removed in time, sprinkled lime powder around the diseased plant, and sprayed 1000-fold solution of 50% methyl topiramate or 1000-fold solution of 50% methyl ribavirin. The height or width of the canopy should be adjusted in time after the emergence of ③ seedlings to maintain the light transmittance of 30% to 35% in the countryside.

5. Anthracnose: mainly harms the aboveground, the leaf spot is yellow-brown, with obvious brown edge, and in the later stage, there are small black spots on the disease spot, which is easy to perforate; the petiole and stem spot is a central sunken yellow-brown edge spot; the disease spot on the fruit is round and concave brown spot, and the disease is serious in high temperature and humidity from June to July.

Control method: ① cleans the countryside and burns dead branches and leaves in time. ② selected disease-free panax notoginseng as seed, soaked it in Bordeaux before transplanting, dried it and then transplanted it. ③ seeds are sterilized, soaked in 100,150 times 40% formalin for 10 minutes, washed with clean water, dried and sown. During the onset of ④, 65% Dysen zinc was sprayed 500 times, or 50% acetaminophen 1000 times, once every 7 days for 2 or 3 times in a row.

6. Rust: the soil name "yellow greasy", "yellow blister disease". The pathogen is a kind of basidiomycetes in fungi, which mainly harms the leaves, the disease on the leaves initially shows a small yellow spot with a needle tip, the expansion is round or radial, the edge is irregular, and the spores of the pathogen lose yellow powder after the spores are broken.

Control methods: ① cut off the stems and leaves of diseased plants in winter and sprayed Baume 1-2 degrees stone sulfur mixture. During the onset of ②, 200 × 300 times dinitrate powder or Baume 0.3 degree 6 sulfur mixture, or 300 times solution of rust steel, were sprayed once for 2 times continuously.

7. Powdery mildew pathogen is a kind of half-known fungus in fungi, which mainly harms leaves, and the diseased leaves are covered with gray-white powder.

Prevention and cure method: ① cleans the garden in winter and cuts off the leaves of diseased plants, and sprays Baomei 1 to 2 degrees of Shiliu mixture. The initial stage of ② was sprayed with 0.3-degree stone-sulfur mixture or 50% methyl topiramate 1000 times, once every 7 days for 2 or 3 times in a row. Insect pest

1. Short beard mite: also known as fire spider, belonging to the family Tetranychidae, arachnida, cicada mites, adults and nymphs gather on the back of the leaves to suck juice and draw silk to form a web. Make the leaves yellow and finally fall off. The disk and red fruit are shrunk and shriveled after being damaged.

Control method: clear the garden in ① in winter, pick up the litter and burn it, and spray Baume 1 degree stone sulfur mixture after clearing the garden. ② began to spray 0.2-0.3 degrees of stone sulfur mixture in April, or sprayed with 20% triclofenac wettable powder 1500 × 2000 times, or 25% insecticidal amidine water agent 500 times 1000 times, once a week, several times in a row.

two。 Slug: also known as early snail or slug, is a mollusk. Bite the kind of labor, the stems and leaves are engraved. Eating at night and early in the morning.

Prevention and cure method: ① turns over the soil in winter. Before planting ②, 300kg tea seed cake was used as base fertilizer per hectare. During the occurrence of ③, lime powder or 3% lime water was sprayed on the border.

3. Red spider: overwintering with nymphs and adults hidden on the surface. Activities from March to April and serious harm from June to October. The injured leaves changed from green to yellow and fell off, harming the disk and tender fruit, causing early atrophy, no flowering and fruiting.

Control methods: carefully clean up the seven gardens in winter, concentrate on burning weeds and litter, spray Baume 2-3 degree stone sulfur mixture on the border; spray Baomei 0.2 degree stone sulfur mixture once every 7 days for 2-3 times when inactive before March-4 months; spray 1000 times of 40% dimethoate solution in time, once every 7 days; spray 20% triclofenac sulfone 800 times solution in the peak period of damage, and spray once every 5 days.