Cultivation techniques of Fritillaria thunbergii

Land selection and preparation

The alluvial soil on both sides of the river, the foot of the mountain and the river is the best. The soil layer is deep, rich in humus, sandy loam, and the sandy loam with good drainage is suitable for planting Fritillaria thunbergii, which can be rotated with corn, soybean, sweet potato and other crops. Clay and sandy soil are not suitable. Zhejiang shellfish should not be planted three times in a row, otherwise it is easy to get diseases. After the ground is selected, the depth is 18 cm 20 cm, rake fine rake flat, make a border 200 cm wide, 12 cm 15 cm high, and the furrow is 15 cm 20 cm deep and 30 cm wide. The rotten barnyard manure and compost of 37500-75000 kg per hectare were evenly applied to the topsoil.

Reproduction method

Asexual reproduction is used in the production of Fritillaria thunbergii. It takes 5 years for sexual reproduction from seed to harvest bulb.

The main results are as follows: 1. The purpose of seed stem classification is to prevent the plant height of Fritillaria thunbergii from being different after emergence, which affects the growth and management. The grading is mainly divided according to the size of the bulb. Except that No. 2 bulb (medium bulb) is used for planting in seed field, the other files are used for planting in commercial field. In the mother land of Fritillaria thunbergii in summer in the field, the seed stem was divided into two stages. The No. 2 bulb was selected for the first time to ensure that the seed field was planted in time. Others are temporarily stacked indoors, and then classified twice indoors according to the grading standards.

2. The planting period of bulb propagation seed field and commercial field is from mid-September to early September. Before planting, the No. 2 bulb (4~5cm in diameter, flat and round in size, tightly clasped, full bud head and pest-free bulb) was dug up and used before planting. The seed field was planted first, followed by digging, and then planted in the commercial field. First, ditch on the border, ditch distance 20cm, seed field ditch depth 10~15cm, commercial field ditch depth 5~7cm, plant distance 15cm, bulb bud head up. The amount of seeds used per mu, seed land 400 ~ 500kg, commercial land 250~300kg. Commercial fields generally do not interplant crops because of their shallow planting.

3. Seed propagation

The seeds have the characteristics of post-embryo ripening, and it is suitable for autumn sowing in the same year (from mid-September to mid-October) after harvest. If sowing is delayed to the middle of November, the seedling emergence rate will decrease significantly. Seed propagation takes 5 years to harvest, long life, not easy to protect seedlings and oversummer, so it is less used in production. However, seeds are used to propagate in areas where the source of bulbs is difficult. Select species before sowing, strip sowing or sowing, strip sowing is better, according to row spacing 6.5cm, open shallow ditch, deep 1.5~2cm, spread ash fertilizer soil in the ditch, sow and cover soil, and then cover the border with a thin layer of husk manure or mature sheep manure. It takes 3 to 4 months from planting to emergence in the seed field, and the seed field is very deep. In order to make full use of land and fertility, interplanting vegetables, etc., the principle must be harvested before the Winter Solstice.

Field management

1. Weeding by ploughing and fertilizing should be diligent and early, usually 3-4 times, mainly before Fritillaria thunbergii was unearthed and in the early stage of plant growth. The first time was a shallow hoe when the seedlings were full in early February, the second time was a proper deep hoe from late February to late March, and the third time in the first ten days of April, pay attention to avoid damaging the two stalks. It can also be combined with fertilization. The leather should be removed before fertilization, so that the soil is loose and the fertilizer is easy to absorb. The seedling height is 12cm to 15cm bolting, weeding every 15 days, or pulling out the grass, and ploughing the seed field in May. After interplanting crops, it is very important to apply winter fertilizer, and the aboveground growth of Fritillaria thunbergii is only about 3 months. The fertilizer requirement period is relatively concentrated, only topdressing after emergence can not meet the needs of the whole growth, while winter fertilizer can meet the whole growth period and can provide nutrients continuously, so winter fertilizer should be mainly late-acting fertilizer. Heavy application of basic fertilizer, open a shallow ditch on the border surface, 15000 kg of human feces and urine per hectare are applied in the ditch, covered with soil, and then covered with manure, garbage and cake fertilizer mixed with fermented fertilizer, broken, about 37500 kg, leveled, so as not to hinder seedling emergence. Add 300 kg of chemical fertilizer to the commercial field, and then irrigate the seedling fertilizer after Miaoqi in February of the following year, 11250-15000 dry grams of human feces and urine per hectare, diluted water and poured between the rows. Apply flower fertilizer again after picking flowers, the method is the same as above.

2. Irrigation and drainage Zhejiang shellfish needs a little more water from February to April. If the growth of water-deficient plants in this section is not good, it will directly affect the bulb expansion and yield. There should be neither too much water nor too little water throughout the growing period. However, the north is dry in spring and water is watered once a week. In the rainy season in the south, attention should be paid to drainage, especially during the summer period of Fritillaria thunbergii, ditching and drainage should be done to prevent stagnant water on the ground, so as not to cause bulb rot.

3. Picking and topping 3-4 flowers have bloomed in the middle and late March, and when there are 2-3 flowers at the top that are not open, the flowers are removed together with the long tip of 6~10cm, and the tip can be dried for medicinal use. Picking flowers and topping can not only reduce nutrient consumption, promote bulb expansion, but also promote the growth of two culms and increase the photosynthetic area.

4. During the summer period, melons, legumes and vegetables can be interplanted on the Fritillaria thunbergii field to reduce the ground temperature, which is beneficial to the safe summer of Fritillaria thunbergii and promote the slow growth of the underground part during the summer.