Cultivation techniques of traditional Chinese Medicine Lotus seed

Land selection and preparation

The choice of lotus pond, according to the lotus's habits of like light, humidity, water, and fear of the wind, should be chosen in the leeward and sunny place, where the water source is sufficient, the flow is slow, the silt layer reaches about 15cm, and the water quality does not exceed the standard pollution pond, the water level of the pond is generally stable, the water depth is not more than 1m, there is no sharp rise and fall in summer, and the water does not dry up in winter; or choose paddy fields with strong water and fertilizer conservation capacity, leeward and sunny, and adequate water sources. Before planting lotus root or sowing, it is necessary to put shallow water and apply sufficient basic fertilizer, which is mainly composed of pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure and other manure, and manure 4000-5000kg per mu. At the same time, the soil should be ploughed and raked to make the pond soil or field light, flat, fine and rotten.

Planting method

The propagation of lotus is usually based on ramet propagation, and its advantage is that it can maintain the excellent genetic characters of its parents, and it can watch flowers and pick lotus roots and lotus seeds in the same year. Using lotus seeds for sexual reproduction, after sowing, the seedlings are small and cannot blossom and bear fruit, and it takes 2-3 years to fully grow up, and sexual reproduction, great variation, uneven production of lotus root is generally not used in production, but sometimes in order to cultivate new varieties, sexual reproduction is needed.

1. Ramet propagation before and after the Qingming Festival, when the terminal bud of lotus root begins to germinate, it is most suitable to select the robust rhizome, cut off the main lotus root or lotus root with complete bud, and retain the tail node, so as to prevent the rot caused by filling lotus root holes in the mud. When planting, the left hand holds the lotus root body, the right hand holds the top section of the lotus root, and uses the middle finger to protect the top bud. The lotus root is obliquely inserted into the pond with 20 ℃-30 ℃ upward, with a depth of about 10-15cm, so that the tail node is exposed to the mud, and the head of the lotus is oriented toward the center of the pond, so as to facilitate the development of the underground stem and avoid the lotus root whip passing through the pond stem and slightly suppressing it after planting to prevent it from floating after irrigation. The planting density varies with pond conditions and varieties, early-maturing varieties and thin land are dense, late-maturing varieties and fertile pond fields are sparse, generally, plant spacing is 1-1.5m, row spacing is 1.5-2m, and 500-800 lotus roots are used per mu.

two。 Before sowing, reproduction and sowing, fully mature seeds should be selected for burn treatment. First, spring scissors or steel pliers are used to break a small opening at the concave end of the lotus seed to expose the seed coat without hurting the germ. The lotus seed is soaked in water, the water depth is to immerse the lotus seed, and the shallow lotus seed can not get the water needed for germination, and there is not enough oxygen in too deep water, which is disadvantageous to germination. When the lotus seed grows 2-3 young leaves, it can be sown, sowing in spring and autumn.

Field management

1. Nelumbo nucifera is a light-loving plant. In cultivation and management, sufficient light should be ensured. In strong light, lotus grows fast and blossoms early, but in weak light, it develops slowly and blossoms late. If cultivated in dark conditions, it will cause lotus leaf chlorosis and bud death.

two。 Proper control of water lotus is a plant that likes to be wet and afraid of drying, but it has different requirements for water in different growth periods. When planting lotus roots, the water should be shallow, which can increase the soil temperature to facilitate the growth of lotus seedlings and seed lotus roots. At the same time, one irrigation should not be too much, so as to avoid a sudden drop in soil temperature and affect the growth of lotus seedlings and seed lotus roots. With the growth of floating leaves and standing leaves, the water level should be raised gradually, the height of water level can keep floating leaves and standing leaves above the water surface, and the temperature is high in summer. Special attention should be paid to maintaining the moisture of lotus pond and strictly prevent the death of lotus caused by water shortage. At the beginning of autumn and early winter, after the new lotus root is formed, the lotus enters a dormant period, when the water level in the pond should drop and the shallow water can be kept; in winter, the water level in the pond should be maintained to maintain the underwater soil temperature to prevent freezing, so that Elaeagnus can survive the winter in the open field.

3. The cultivation of lotus with reasonable fertilization is mainly based on sufficient basic fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. The lotus has been planted for about half a month, and the standing leaves have already grown. Topdressing should be applied at this time, and fully mature manure 1000kg or nitrogen fertilizer 15kg should be applied per mu. Before setting lotus root, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once, do not pollute the leaves when fertilizing, in order to prevent injury. Finally, when the flowers and fruits are close to maturity, the mixed fertilizer with slightly lower nitrogen fertilizer, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, can be applied at the rate of 30-40kg per mu.

4. After weeding, duckweed and water moss lotus root field has just planted lotus root, it is very easy to grow weeds, such as barnyardgrass, sedge, etc., which directly affect the growth and development of lotus, so weeds must be weeded 2-3 times in the whole growth cycle, and water moss, duckweed and algae should be removed at any time so as not to affect the consumption of water and fertilizer and promote the normal growth of lotus. After lotus planting for about a month, the floating leaves are gradually withered and yellow, and the floating leaves should be removed in time to make the sun penetrate into the water and increase the soil temperature; for weeds, herbicides can be applied, the commonly used agents are herbicide or herbicide plus diuron, and the dosage per mu is: 25% herbicide 500 g 25% diuron 50 g. In the middle and last ten days of May, when the water temperature is more than 20 ℃, the use of herbicides will show good effect.