Control of diseases and insect pests of traditional Chinese medicine Radix aconiti

Disease

White silk disease: the pathogen is a kind of half-known fungus in fungi, which mainly damages the junction of aconite stem and mother root, and mostly occurs in summer high temperature and rainy season. In the early stage of the disease, the leaves wilted and drooped, and in severe cases, the aboveground part fell down, the leaves withered, but the stem did not break, and the mother root was still connected with the stem. Control methods: select disease-free aconite as seed; rotate with rice; do not need aconite or fertilizer produced by processing aconite; during the second root trimming, mix 1.5 kg Xilisheng or 2 kg pentachloronitrobenzene powder with 50 kg dry fine soil or 30 kg plant ash per mu, apply it around the rhizome and then cover the soil. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased plants and soil were dug up and buried deeply, and 1000 times of 5% lime or 50% carbendazim wettable powder was used to irrigate the robust plants near the diseased plants to prevent spread.

Downy mildew: an algal fungus in fungi. It occurs from March to May, which is a common and serious disease in seedling stage. At the seedling stage, the fibrous root of the diseased plant was underdeveloped, the leaves were upright and elongated upward, and the leaves were narrow and curled, showing grayish white and light green, and the back of the leaves produced a purple-brown mildew layer. After the disease, the whole plant gradually withered and died, and the producing area was called "ash seedling". The top leaves of the adult plants turn white, the leaves curl, show dark red or black scorched, and the stem breaks and dies. The producing area is called "Baijian". Prevention and control method: pull out the diseased seedlings in time and spray with Bordeaux solution of 1purl 200 or 800-fold solution of 65% Dysenamine wettable powder.

Root rot: the pathogen is a half-known fungus of fungi. It occurred from April to July, harming the roots. The upper plant wilted, the leaves drooped, and the diseased plant died in severe cases. Prevention and control methods: pay attention to do not hurt the rhizome during root pruning; do not apply too much alkaline fertilizer; use 50% carbendazim wettable powder 0.5kg in water, 300kg in water, 15kg in lime and 125g in urea, and irrigation immediately after the second root pruning, it can also be applied proportionally in fecal water or 1000 times with 50% carbendazim wettable powder.

Wilt disease: the pathogen is viral soft rot and fungal root rot. Occurred in the middle of April, there are dark brown stripes on the stem, hemp leaves, leaf veins are black oily stripes, leaves turn yellow and die, and a black circle can also be seen in transverse cutting roots. It is a soil-borne disease, which is immersed in the vascular bundle from the root wound, and then into the next generation of seed roots. Prevention and control methods: seed collection, transportation, planting and root pruning should be taken care not to hurt the seed root; diseased plants should be pulled out immediately. Powdery mildew occurred from May to September. After the disease, the leaves first twisted upward, and the back of the leaves produced brown patches, oval, and gradually scorched. The pathogen overwintered on the diseased and disabled plants, and the next year it germinated and produced white powder, which spread with the wind, especially in the case of drought. Prevention and treatment methods: at the initial stage of the disease, Gingfengmycin 60-80 units or 80% methyl topiramate wettable powder was sprayed with 800-1000 times, or with Baume 0.3 degree stone sulfur mixture, Fumi sulfur and other agents, once every 7-10 days, 3 times in a row.

Botrytis cinerea: pathogenic Botrytis cinerea, Botryis cinerea Pers. Belong to semi-knowing subphylum, hyphomycetes, fungi of the genus Botrytis, weak parasites. Damage to the leaves, generally from the leaf tip or leaf edge of the disease, resulting in brown nearly round disease spot, the disease spot has irregular wheel pattern. When the humidity is high, sparse gray mildew appears on the back of the disease spot, the disease is serious, and the disease spot merges with each other, which can cause the leaf to die. Control methods: remove the disease and residue in the field after receiving the goods, reduce the initial infection source, strengthen the management, increase the resistance ability, and do not need special prevention and cure. Bordeaux, mancozeb and carbendazim spectral fungicide can be used in case of overcast and rainy weather from April to May.

Aconite mosaic virus disease: the pathogen is caused by virus, which is the whole plant disease of aconite mosaic virus Aconitum mosaic virus. The leaves appear dark green and light green mosaic disease, and some varieties also show dark green ring pattern on the leaves. The symptom was most obvious on the top young leaves. In the investigation of Jiangyou, the rate of diseased plants in some seriously diseased fields was more than 60%. Root-borne virus is the main source of infection in the field. The rate of carrying virus is a factor affecting the severity of the disease. Seedlings can appear symptoms, new leaves continue to appear symptoms, although they do not die, but lead to smaller root tubers, aphids are disease-borne insects. Key points of prevention and control: virus-free seed roots are cultivated by detoxification technology; when sporadic diseases are left on the ground, diseased plants are pulled out and destroyed; prevention and control of aphids can reduce the disease in the field.

Root-knot nematode: the pathogen is a root-knot nematode of the phylum linear animals. Harms the roots. The diseased plant is slender, the seed root is small, and nodules form on the whisker root. Prevention and control methods: avoid continuous cropping, choose disease-free planting or soil disinfection, select disease-free root as seed.

Insect pest

Heart borer: heart borer, which harms the stem and bites the tissue, causing the upper part of the plant to wilt and droop gradually, which is called "hook head". In severe cases, the plant dies. Prevention and control methods: when collecting and digging aconitum, centralized stem burning; timely removal of "hook" and concentrated retting fertilizer; spraying with 1000 times liquid of 90% crystal trichlorfon; trapping and killing adults with black light.

Red aphids: damage to young stems at the top of the plant, which began to occur in late March or early April, with the peak period of insect pests from May to June. The control method was to spray with 80-1500 times of 40% dimethoate EC.

Spodoptera litura: occurs in early April. The larvae bite the leaves into holes or lacerations. Control method: spray with 600-800 times liquid of 90% crystal trichlorfon.

Leafhopper: harms leaves. From early April to late June, the peak period is from mid-April to early May. The damaged leaves turn red at first, then purplish red gradually, and finally rot into black scorched spots and die. In serious cases, the whole plant withered, the control method: spray with 1000-2000 times of dimethoate EC.