Cultivation techniques of Pinellia ternata

Land selection and preparation:

It is suitable to choose sandy loam or loam soil with moist and fertile soil, strong water and fertility conservation, loose texture and good drainage and irrigation, or gentle slope mountain area with half shade and half sun. Sticky land, saline-alkali land and waterlogged land are not suitable for planting. It is appropriate to select legume crops in the previous crop, which can be interplanted with corn field, rape field, wheat field and fruit forest.

After the land is selected, from October to November, the soil will be turned deep about 20cm to remove gravel and weeds and make it mature. The root system of Pinellia ternata is shallow, generally does not exceed 20cm, and likes fertilizer, the growth period is short, base fertilizer plays an important role in it. Combined with soil preparation, farm manure 5000kg, cake fertilizer 100kg and superphosphate 60kg were applied per mu and turned into the soil as base fertilizer. Ploughing and turning again before sowing, and then fine rake flat. More places in the south of Rain Water should be made into a high border with a width of 1.2m to 1.5m and a high 30cm, with a width of 40cm and a length of not more than 20m, so as to facilitate irrigation and drainage. After shallow ploughing in the north, the border can be made according to the specification of 0.8-1.2m width, and the width and height of the ridge are 30cm and 15cm respectively. The ridge of the border should be firmly leveled so that spring sowing and plastic film mulching can be carried out.

Methods of reproduction:

The propagation method of Pinellia ternata production is mainly using tubers and bulbs, but it can also be propagated by seeds, but the seed production cycle is long and generally not used.

1. The tuber propagated in the winter of the same year or the spring of the following year, the stored stem was planted in spring, and the yield was low in autumn and winter. It is appropriate to plant in spring sooner rather than later. Generally, when the ground temperature of 5cm is stable at 6: 8 ℃ in early spring, the seed stem can be accelerated by hotbed or hot Kang. When the budding temperature was kept at about 20 ℃, the buds could germinate in about 15 days. From the end of February to the beginning of March, when the ground temperature of 5cm reached 8: 10 ℃, the bud sheath of the accelerating seed stem could be planted from the end of February to the beginning of March (those without sprouting should also be planted at this time). Early sowing at the right time can make the petiole of Pinellia ternata grow horizontally and grow bulbs in the soil, the bulbs formed in the soil are large, and can quickly take root and sprout, form a new plant, and the yield is high. Open a horizontal trench to sow on the fine raked border. Row spacing 12~15cm, plant spacing 5~10cm, furrow width 10cm, deep 5cm, ditch bottom should be flat, two rows staggered in each ditch, buds placed upward into the ditch. After planting, apply a layer of mixed fertilizer soil (made of rotten compost and stable manure plus human and animal fertilizer, grass ash, etc.). Use mixed fertilizer 2000kg per mu or so. Then, the ditch soil will be covered, thick 5~7cm, flat, slightly suppressed. Can also be combined with harvest, planting in autumn, generally in late September to early October, the method is the same as spring sowing.

It needs 50~60kg per mu, suitable close planting, uniform growth and high yield. If it is too dense, the growth of seedlings is weak and weeding is difficult; if it is too thin, there are fewer seedlings and more grass, and the yield is low. The soil cover should also be moderate. If it is too thick, it is difficult to sprout. Although the bulb is large in the future, it is often formed in the soil and is not easy to pick; if it is too thin, the seed stem is easy to dry up and cannot sprout. If you encounter dry weather after planting, you should water it in time and keep the soil moist all the time. If the cultivation is covered with plastic film, cover the plastic film immediately after planting. The plastic film used can be either ordinary agricultural plastic film (thick 0.014mm) or high density plastic film (0.008mm). The width of plastic film depends on the width of the bed. When covering the film in groups of three, first open a 8cm deep ditch from the outside of the two ridges of the border, with the same depth, one person extends the film, and two people tighten the plastic film on both sides at the same time. After leveling, the edge of the film is pressed in the ditch with soil to make the film flat and close to the ridge of the border, compacted with soil to make it tight, flat and strict.

From the first ten days of April to the last ten days of April, when the temperature is stable at 15: 18 ℃ and the emergence is about 50%, the plastic film should be removed to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by high temperature in the film. The seedlings should be refined before removing the film. The method is to remove the film from both ends of the bed at noon for ventilation and heat dissipation, seal it in the evening, and then remove it all after a few days in a row. Pinellia ternata with early spring germination and plastic film mulching at seedling stage can not only emerge 20 days earlier than Pinellia ternata without this cultivation measure, but also maintain the loose state of soil preparation, promote root growth, and increase yield by about 83%.

2. Bulbous propagation there is at least one bulb on each petiole of Pinellia ternata, which is sufficient in number and can take root and sprout when it comes into contact with soil. It has an early maturity and is the main propagation material. In summer and autumn, when the old leaves are about to wither and the bulbs have matured, the mature buds on the petiole can be sown. Sow seeds according to row spacing 10cm, plant spacing 3cm and furrow depth 3cm. After sowing, it is covered with thick 2~3cm fine soil and plant ash, and slightly compacted. It can also be sown by digging holes according to the row distance of 10cm × 8cm, and sowing 2-3 grains per hole. It can also be propagated by covering the soil in situ, that is, each batch of seedlings is covered with soil for the degree of not exposing bulbs. At the same time, the application of appropriate amount of mixed fertilizer can not only promote the germination and growth of bulbs, but also increase the application of fertilizer for the mother tuber, kill two birds with one stone and increase yield.

3. Pinellia ternata which is more than two years old can blossom and bear fruit one after another. When the flame is yellow and sagging, the seeds are collected. The seeds harvested in summer can be sown as they are picked, and the seeds harvested at the end of autumn can be stored in sand until March of the following year. This method has a low emergence rate and is generally not used in production. Open a shallow trench deep in 2cm according to the row spacing 10cm, sow the seeds, flatten them, cover the soil with 1cm or so, water them moist, cover the grass to keep warm and moisturize, and the seedlings can emerge in about half a month. When the seedling height is 6~10cm, it can be transplanted. In that year, the first leaf was ovate heart-shaped single leaf, and there were generally no bulblets on the petiole. in the second year, there were 3-4 heart-shaped leaves, occasionally compound leaves composed of 3 leaflets, and globules could be seen. Seedlings can form tubers with a diameter of 0.3~0.6cm in the same year, which can be used as seed stems in the second year.

Field management:

1. After the weeding seedlings come out, the weeds should be cleared in time, and a special small hoe should be used between the rows, the depth should not exceed 3 cm. The grass between plants should be pulled out by hand.

2. In addition to applying sufficient basic fertilizer, pearl bud fertilizer should be re-applied in the middle stage of growth, especially before and after Lesser Fullness of Grain, such as rotten cake fertilizer, human and animal manure water, etc. If the basal fertilizer is insufficient, if ammonium sulfate is applied 10-15 kg per mu or urea in the early stage, Lesser Heat can top fertilize once before cultivating the soil, but not in the later stage of growth.

3. After cultivating the soil for 6 months, the bulblets on the petiole gradually matured and fell to the ground, and the seeds matured and fell to the ground with the Buddha's bud withering. The soil was cultivated once in early June and July, and the fine soil was scattered on the border surface, about 1.5-2 cm thick, covering the bulbs and seeds, and then slightly compacted with a shovel.

4. Irrigation and drainage Pinellia ternata likes to be wet and is afraid of drought. If it is sunny or dry for a long time, it should be irrigated in time. If there are too many Rain Water, attention should be paid to trenching and drainage.