Control of diseases and insect pests in Chinese medicinal materials Amomum villosum

1. Disease

Seedling blight: caused by a fungus called Phytophthora. The mycelium and spores were attached to the diseased leaf stump for overwintering, and the infection occurred in April of the following year. The temperature from May to August was high, the seedling land was too shady, the ventilation condition was poor, the humidity was high, and the low-lying water was easy to occur. After the onset of the disease, the leaves showed translucent waterlogging. In severe cases, it quickly spread to the leaf sheath and the lower leaves, causing the leaves of the whole plant to dry up and die. Prevention and control methods: choose places with convenient drainage and irrigation, good ventilation conditions and moderate shade to raise seedlings; spray border disinfection with 20% formalin solution before sowing; adjust shade degree in time from March to April, do a good job of drainage, increase plant ash; timely remove diseased seedlings and burn them, and then spray 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 300 Bordeaux solution or 50% topazin wettable powder 1000 times solution, once every 10 days, 2-3 times continuously.

Leaf spot blight: infects leaves and leaf sheaths by a half-known fungus, causing the disease all the year round. The disease is easy to occur in the case of extensive management, excessive sun exposure or long-term dampness, stagnant water, poor growth of seedlings, drought in winter, especially after frost. Prevention and control methods: combined with cutting seedlings to remove the burning of diseased plants; maintain a suitable shade degree and increase the application of plant ash; appropriate water spray in winter drought to promote the healthy shape of plants; 50% topiramate or 50% sulfuric acid 1000 times in the early stage of the disease, or 50% colloidal sulfur 1000 times, once every 10 days until under control.

Fruit blight: commonly known as fruit rot. Caused by an algal fungus in the fungus. Most of them occur in the high temperature and rainy season, with high plant density, high shade, low-lying stagnant water and insufficient nutrient accumulation. It mainly harms the fruit and fruit sequence, causing fruit drop and even decay. Production is generally reduced by 20-30%, or more than 50% in serious cases. Control methods: remove litter after fruit harvest from October to November and February to March of the following year, cut off diseased, withered and weak seedlings, concentrate and burn, control reasonable plant density, apply organic fertilizer containing calcium superphosphate, and apply 1 ∶ 2-3 lime and plant ash mixed powder, 15-20 kg per mu, to promote seedling group health, enhance disease resistance and cold resistance; dig drainage ditches in spring, pay attention to eliminate stagnant water In the young fruit stage, the seedlings were separated from the ventilation channel to improve the ventilation conditions; when the fruit occurred, it was harvested and processed as early as possible; in the young fruit stage, 50 kg of formalin or 0.2% potassium permanganate solution was sprayed per mu, or 1000 times of thiophanate or carbendazim was sprayed every 10 days, 2-3 times in a row.

2. Insect pests

Liriomyza huidobrensis (Liriomyza huidobrensis): use larvae to eat young bamboo shoots of Amomum villosum, making the growing point stop growing or rot, resulting in a withered heart. The occurrence of planting land is more serious in the dry and rainy season or in the higher terrain. Prevention and control methods: cut off the killed young bamboo shoots in time, burn them centrally, strengthen the inspection, spray 40% dimethoate at the peak of adults and eggs during the incubation period, once every 5-7 days, 2-3 times in succession.

Voles: mainly big board mice. It damages flowers and fruits of Amomum villosum from April to August every year. After the damage, the flower is incomplete, the fruit is bitten, and the seeds are eaten up, which seriously affects the yield. Control methods: rat traps and cages can be set up in the field of Amomum villosum in the evening for manual hunting, or fried grain, bran or miscellaneous grains, refined vegetable oil and zinc phosphide can be mixed with 100∶ 3 ∶ 4 to make poison bait for bait.