Cultivation techniques of traditional Chinese Medicine Fritillaria thunbergii

Planting techniques:

(1) selection of land and land preparation

1. Select the place

Fritillaria thunbergii likes cold climate. According to the environmental requirements of chuanbei, it is appropriate to choose areas with an altitude of 2000mm to 3000m, an annual average temperature of 06m, the hottest month not more than 15 ℃, the coldest month no less than ℃, and annual precipitation of no less than 700mm. Considering that traditional Chinese medicine attaches great importance to authentic producing areas, it is easy to succeed in introducing local high-quality chuanbei nearby. Choose leeward Yinshan or Banyin Mountain, and stay away from wheat crops to prevent rust infection, with deep soil layer, loose texture, humus-rich loam or oil sandy soil is better. One season of hemp can be planted in wasteland to purify weeds, mature land, improve soil structure and increase organic matter.

2. Land preparation

Prepare the ground before freezing. Remove weeds from the ground and plough deep into a fine rake to make a bed 1.3 meters wide. Each mu uses heap, barnyard manure 1500 kilograms, superphosphate 50 kilograms, cruller 100kg, after the heap is rotten, sprinkles on the border surface, turns shallowly, the border surface is arched.

(2) planting methods

1. Seed cultivation and treatment.

Fritillaria thunbergii is mainly propagated by seeds. ⑴ seed cultivation: when picking Fritillaria from June to July, the bulbs with a diameter of more than 1 cm, disease-free and damage-free were selected as seeds. Bulbs are planted according to large, medium and small respectively, so that they can be planted while digging. Use 100kg bulbs per mu. It can also be planted in holes, starting from the second year after planting, spraying Zhencaoning before emergence in March every year, and pulling out weeds in time after emergence in early April. And apply rare human and animal dung water. From late April to early May, topdressing was applied again. From July to August, the fruit is full and swollen, and the shell is yellowish brown or brown. Cut the fruit when the seeds have been dried, and ripen the fruit while it is fresh or with a shell. ⑵ seed ripening treatment: shelled seeds, sifted fine humus soil, water content less than 10%, a layer of fruit soil, packed in a breathable wooden box, put in a cool, damp place. The threshed seeds should be mixed with 1 ∶ 4 (seed: humus soil) in the storage room or in a breathable wooden box. During storage, the soil was kept moist, the pericarp (seed coat) expanded for about 40 days, the embryo length exceeded the seed longitudinal axis by 2pm and 3, and the embryo apex was curved. Complete the morphological ripening of the embryo. It can be sown.

2. Sow seeds before snowing from September to October. Strip sowing, sowing or split-on-demand sowing with capsules can be done.

Strip sowing: open a horizontal trench on the border surface, 1.5-2 cm deep; spread seeds mixed with fine soil or plant ash evenly in the ditch. Cover 3 cm of fine humus soil and cover the border with mountain grass or leafless branches. Use 2-2.5 kg of seeds per mu.

Sowing: spread seeds evenly on the border surface, with 3 000-5 000 seeds per square meter. Overwrite the same broadcast.

On demand: when the fruit is not dry. The undried fruit was divided into 3 lobes, and the holes were opened according to 5-6 cm plant spacing on the border surface, 1 flap per hole and 3 cm covered with soil. This method is more labor-intensive, but the emergence rate is high.

(3) Field management

1. Build a shed

Fritillaria thunbergii needs proper shade during its growing period. After sowing, before emergence in spring, remove the border cover and divide the border to build a shed for shade. Low shed, 15-20 cm high, shade 50-70% in the first year. It was reduced to 50% in the second year and 30% in the third year, and no longer shaded in the year of harvest. High shed, about 1 meter high, 50% shade. It is best to shade in sunny days and practice seedlings in bright sheds on overcast and rainy days.

2. Herbicide Fritillaria thunbergii seedlings are delicate, so weeds should be weeded diligently so as not to hurt the seedlings, and the little Fritillaria is immediately planted into the soil. Zhencaoning was used to control weeds before emergence in spring and after falling seedlings in autumn every year.

3. After topdressing and falling seedlings in autumn, humus soil and farm manure were used per mu, and 25 kg calcium superphosphate was added to cover the border surface 3 cm thick, and then covered with sheltered branches and bamboo to protect Fritillaria overwintering. Conditional topdressing 3 times a year.

4. Drainage and irrigation

1, 2-year-old Fritillaria is most afraid of drought, especially in spring, it is sunny but not rainy, so it should be sprinkled in time to keep the soil moist. Pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention after long rain or rainstorm. In hail-prone areas, anti-hail measures should also be taken to avoid discounting flowers, stems and fruits.