Star anise cultivation techniques of traditional Chinese Medicine

I. selection of land and land preparation

Star anise should be planted on leeward slopes with an altitude of 500 to 800m, humidity of more than 85%, free of frost, freezing and destructive diseases and insect pests, close to water sources and gentle slopes. The soil was prepared by opening belt or directly opening hole, the plant row spacing was 3.5m~4.0m, the planting density was 705plant / hm, the planting hole was wide 60cm and deep 50em. After 15 days of weathering, it was backfilled with mature farm manure (pig, cow, chicken manure, etc.) 15kg/ hole + cake bran (or phosphate fertilizer) 1.0~1.5kg/ hole or superphosphate 5kg/ hole mixed with soil, and then covered with topsoil 20cm.

II. Planting methods

The main results are as follows: 1. Seed collection and seed treatment: the mature tree with developed crown, many fruits, high quality and no diseases and insect pests is selected as the mother tree. Use wooden hooks to hook fruit branches or pick fruit by hand. Do not beat or shake branches or break branches with bamboo poles to protect the mother tree. After the fruit is harvested, it is spread out to dry indoors, often turned over, and removed from the seed to remove the miscellaneous. Broadcast on demand. The seed treatment is to mix the seeds with 3 times 4 times yellow soil and a small amount of water, stir evenly, wrap each seed with a layer of yellow mud, store it in a cool place and take it out when sowing, protect against heat, rats and moisture during storage.

2. Nursery: the nursery should be in a place with sufficient water source, fertile soil, cool environment, good drainage, no erosion by mountain torrents and direct sunlight. Prepare the land for ploughing, break the soil evenly, and make beds. Combined with deep ploughing and ploughing, sufficient basic fertilizer is applied. The border is wide 30cm, and drainage ditches are dug in the center and around the nursery to facilitate drainage and waterproofing.

Using strip sowing, row spacing 15~20cm, sowing ditch should be flat, strip spacing should be neat, sowing ditch depth 4cm, sowing 1 seed according to 3~4cm plant spacing. After sowing, the turf was mixed with fine soil, and the thickness was about 3cm. In order to prevent the soil from drying and Rain Water scouring the border surface, to ensure fast and neat germination, straw was used to cover the soil after sowing. Before the seedlings are unearthed, they should often be drenched in water to promote the seeds to germinate and emerge. Topdressing at seedling height 3~4cm could be combined with intermediate ploughing and weeding, and nitrogen fertilizer was dominant in the early stage. In the second and third year, middle tillage, weeding, topdressing and seedlings are needed. The height of 1-year-old seedlings was 30~45cm, that of 2-year-old seedlings was 45~60cm, and that of 3-year-old seedlings was more than 1.3m.

3. Planting: the density is 750m / hm2, and the spacing between plant and row is 4m × 3m or 4m × 5m. The planting and afforestation was carried out before the new buds sprouted from August to October or from January to February in the second year of soil preparation. For afforestation with bag seedlings, tear off the nutrition bag when planting, protect the nutrient soil, cover the soil firmly, straighten the seedlings, and irrigate enough fixed root water. After planting, ensure that the seedlings have 50% shade, often watered, and keep the soil moist and loose. Water and fertilizer were applied once in the germination stage and leaf spreading stage, respectively, and 0.3% urea solution was applied, and each plant was irrigated with 6~8kg each time. If missing plants are found, replanting seedlings of the same age should be selected in time.

4. Field management

The young trees were loosened and weeded once or twice a year from the current year to the 2nd ~ 6th year, and the depth of loosening soil was 3~5cm. If the woodland has been intercropped with crops, it should be combined with tending crops. In fruit forest, compound fertilizer (N ∶ P2O5 ∶ K2O=15 ∶ 10 ∶ 15) 0.03~0.05kg was applied to trees in the same year, 0.2~0.3kg was applied to plants in 2 ~ 3 years, and compound fertilizer 0.5~0.8kg was applied in 4 ~ 5 years. For leaf forest, urea 0.05~1.0kg was applied in the first year, twice in the second year, and urea or compound fertilizer 0.01~0.15kg was applied to each plant each time. The use of ring fertilization, fertilizer will be evenly applied, covering the soil. If extra-root fertilization is carried out, 0.1%-0.5% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed during the peak period of growth and development from April to May each year. Woodland intercropping: can be intercropped with dwarf crops and green manure. Crops such as peanuts, sweet potatoes, beans, ginger, green manure such as Artemisia tomentosa, clover, alfalfa. Shaping and pruning: when the height of the fruit forest is up to 2m, the top is cut off and its branches are promoted. Each tree retains 3-4 layers, each layer retains 3-4 main branches, the first layer is 40~50cm from the ground, and the distance between the second and fourth layers 40~70cm, and make its structure reasonable, the upper and lower layers are staggered and empty, and do not overlap. In the fruit forest afforestation with seedlings, the trunk and side branches should be protected, and the withered branches and pest branches should be cut off; in the fruit forest afforestation with grafted seedlings, only one sprouting trunk would be left in the first or second year after afforestation, and all the other sprouting strips would be erased. Cut off the overgrown branches, cross branches, weak branches and pest branches in time. When the height of the leaf forest is 1.5m, the top tip is cut off to control the tree height growth and promote the development of lateral branches. four or six robust sprouting branches are selected as main branches on the cutting stem, which are as uniform as possible in the east, west, north and south. Combined with shaping, the inner bore branches, shade branches and delicate branches should be pruned properly, and the branches of diseases and insect pests and dead branches should be cut off.

As a result, after star anise entered the peak period, 7~10cm shallow hoeing was carried out once a year after summer rain and before autumn. In fruit forest, compound fertilizer 0.8~1.0kg and potash fertilizer 0.2kg / kg were applied to trees in March ~ April every year. Compound fertilizer 1.0kg / 1.5kg / plant was applied in 6 ~ 7 months, combined with fruit orchard after 10 ~ 12 months, green was pressed to improve soil, and 10~20kg and 1.5~2.0kg were applied to plants. From March to April every year, the foliage forest applied compound fertilizer 0.5-1.0 kg per plant. From September to October, the compound fertilizer 0.5-1.0 kg was applied to combine with the orchard after 11-12 months, the green was pressed to improve the soil, and the plant was mixed with rotten farm fertilizer 10~20kg and phosphate fertilizer 1.0kg.