High-yield techniques of planting and field management of Pinellia ternata

The choice of planting site

Dry Pinellia ternata likes mild and humid climate, cold and shade tolerance, suitable for hillside and flat land cultivation. It can be interplanted with fruit trees, or intercropped with tall plants such as corn, rape, wheat and so on. It is best to plant in sandy soil, heavy clay and low-lying waterlogged plots are not suitable for planting.

Planting dry Pinellia ternata takes November in winter to April of the following spring as the suitable sowing period. before sowing, 2000 kg of barnyard manure or compost and 25 kg of superphosphate are applied every 667m2, and turned into the soil as base fertilizer, ploughed again when sowing, and then raked flat to make the border. Pinellia ternata is mainly propagated by tubers and main buds. It is best to use tubers to reproduce and plant along with digging, digging holes according to row spacing of 17 cm and plant spacing of 7 cm, planting 2-3 tubers per hole, using 40-50 kg tubers per 667 square meters, covering the soil should not be too thick, 1-2 cm should be watered in time if the soil is dry as early as possible. When the old leaves are about to wither and the plant buds under the petiole have matured in summer and autumn, the mature plant buds should be planted in strips, and the propagation of tubers between rows should be the same.

High-yield skills of field management

1. Topdressing in time

Pinellia ternata is a kind of fertilizer-loving plant, which is fertilized for the first time after emergence, with 1000 kilograms of feces from acquaintances per mu and 2000 kilograms of feces per mu, and then many times after looking at the seedlings. After Lesser Fullness of Grain, when the first batch of bulbs grew many new plants, the plant density in the field increased, and the bulbs grew rapidly, requiring more water and fertilizer, in addition, manure, cake fertilizer and urea should be re-applied. 4000-5000 kg of rotten stable fertilizer and turf ash mixed fertilizer per mu, and 50 kg of peanut bran (after crushing and composting) were scattered on the border surface. Soil cultivation is carried out immediately after fertilization to prevent fertilizer loss.

two。 Drainage and irrigation and soil cultivation

High temperature and dry soil often cause plant yellowing and even seedling collapse, which directly affect the growth of tubers. Therefore, during the whole growth and development period of Pinellia ternata, it is necessary to keep the soil moist to promote the growth of plants and roots, and to do a good job of drainage in the rainy season to prevent corm rot.

After June every year, mature seeds and buds fall to the ground one after another, and it is appropriate to cultivate the soil twice from Grain in Beard (early June) to Lesser Heat (early July), so as to facilitate the growth of the soil and grow into new sturdy plants. The soil is taken from the border and broken, sprinkled evenly on the border surface, about 1.5 cm thick, and then pluck the soil flat by hand to prevent stagnant water.

3. Pick buds at the right time

In order to promote the growth of the bulb and reduce the consumption of nutrients, the bud should be removed in stages and in batches when the plant is bolting. In addition, Pinellia ternata has strong fecundity, and the buds grow very fast and are not easy to remove after falling to the ground. Therefore, when the Buddha bud grows, it must be removed to make the bulb accumulate more nutrients, so as to increase the yield of Pinellia ternata.

4. Pest control

① corm rot.

It usually occurs in the rainy season and low-lying waterlogging areas. After the disease, the corms rotted and the aboveground stems and leaves withered. Prevention and treatment methods: pay attention to drainage, pull out the diseased plant at the initial stage of the disease, and irrigate the diseased plant with 5% lime water, or sprinkle lime powder at the diseased point to prevent the spread of the disease.

② leaf shrinking disease.

A disease caused by virus usually occurs in summer. After the disease, the leaflet shrinks and twists, and the plant becomes shorter and deformed. Control methods: one is to completely eliminate the aphids that spread the disease, and the other is to select disease-free plants to keep seeds.

③ aphids.

The adults and larvae suck the sap of the tender leaves, which yellowes the leaves and hinders the growth of the plants. Control methods: one is to spray with 1500-2000 times dilution of 40% dimethoate EC during the occurrence of aphids, and the other is to spray with 1000-1500 times diluent of mimetil.

④ cabbage worm.

The larvae bite the leaves, causing holes and gaps, and when serious, the whole leaf is eaten up. It can be sprayed with 1500 times dilution of trichlorfon or 1000 times dilution of dichlorvos during the occurrence period.

5. Harvest and processing

① timely planing:

The harvest time of Pinellia ternata has a great influence on the yield and product quality. Timely planing, easy to peel, dry quickly, the color of the commodity is full of powder, and the drying rate is high. Ploughing too early, lack of powder, affecting the output. Ploughing too late is not only difficult to peel and dry slowly, but also the starch in the tuber has been decomposed, the processed goods are not powdery and the color is not white, it is easy to produce "stiff seed" (keratinization) of poor quality and lower yield. It takes more than three times as much work to plough and harvest the seedlings. The results of artificial cultivation of Pinellia ternata for many years show that the best ploughing period of Pinellia ternata should be harvested when the temperature drop is less than 13 degrees in autumn, and when the leaves begin to turn yellow and green, and the temperature of 13 degrees in Huang-Huai area is just before and after "the Autumn Equinox". The Yangtze River basin should be postponed appropriately according to the difference in air temperature, and the temperature in Northeast China should be low, so it should be ploughed in advance.

② planing method:

During the harvest, if the soil moisture is too high, you can loosen the tuber and the soil together to quickly evaporate the moisture out of the soil and dry the soil as soon as possible. When ploughing and harvesting, use claws or picks to turn the whole leaf of Pinellia ternata to one side and carefully pick out the tubers. The bulbs that fall on the ground after falling seedlings should be picked out before ploughing. The withered leaves and residual branches left in the land after ploughing should be detected and burned to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests next year.

③ processing technology:

(1) fermentation:

The fresh tuber of Pinellia ternata was stored in the room with a thickness of 50 cm and stacked for 15 minutes for 20 days. It was found that the bark of Pinellia ternata was slightly rotten, and it was easy to rub the skin with hands.

(2) peeling:

The fermented tubers of Pinellia ternata were screened into three grades: large, medium and small. If the quantity is small, you can use manual peeling. The method is to put the tubers of Pinellia ternata into woven bags or other containers respectively. After washing, step on rubber boots or repeatedly push and rub them back and forth with your hands for 10 minutes, pour them in a sieve and rinse off the broken skin with water. Pick out the unpeeled ones and rub them until they are all clean. If the larger tuber is peeled and there is still a small round transparent "cocoon" at the bottom (commonly known as "back door"), it can be peeled off by hand and rubbed off in bags until all the tubers of Pinellia ternata are pure white. Mechanical peeling can be used in Pinellia ternata base with larger area. (

3) drying: after peeling, Pinellia ternata needs to be dried immediately, and it is best to be exposed in the sun. It is best to turn it back and share it indoors to dry at night, and then take it out to dry the next day. If the quantity of Pinellia ternata is large, it is best to build a drying room, with peeling, drying, not affected by the weather, the quality of the processed Pinellia ternata is better.