Cultivation techniques of Gardenia jasminoides

Gardenia alias yellow gardenia, yellow branches, mountain gardenia. Gardenia fruit into medicine, indicated fever, insomnia, excessive fire toothache, mouth sores, nose gauge, vomiting blood, conjunctivitis, sore swelling, icteric infectious hepatitis, faba bean disease, hematuria; external use for traumatic bleeding, contusion. The root is used as medicine to treat infectious hepatitis, traumatic injury, wind-fire toothache. Gardenia luxuriant branches and leaves, beautiful flowers, rich aroma, for the courtyard of excellent landscaping materials, but also for potted plants or production of bonsai, cut flowers, peel for yellow dye, hard and meticulous wood, for carving good material. Distribution in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou and other provinces. Most of the country is cultivated.

(i) Plant characteristics

Evergreen shrubs or small trees, 100 - 200 cm tall. Stems gray, branchlets green, leaves opposite or main branches whorled, obovate-long elliptic, 5~14 cm long, suspicious and glossy, all lines, flowers solitary on top of branches or leaf axils, white, fragrant; corolla tall, saucer-shaped, 6-lobed, fleshy. Fruit ovate, with 6 longitudinal ribs; seeds flat, flowering 6~8 months, fruit maturity in October.

(ii) Growth characteristics

Sexual likes warm, moist, good sunshine, but also to avoid strong direct sunlight, like high air temperature and good ventilation, requirements loose, fertile, good drainage acid soil, is a typical acid soil plant. Not cold-resistant, in the northeast, north China, northwest can only be used as greenhouse potted flowers. Gardenia is resistant to sulfur dioxide and can absorb sulfur to purify the atmosphere. 0.5 kg leaves can absorb sulfur 0.002~0.005 kg.

(iii) Cultivation techniques

1. propagation method

With cuttage, layering method propagation mainly, in addition to available seeding, sub-plant method propagation.

(1) Cutting propagation

North in October to November in greenhouse, south April to autumn at any time can be cuttage, but the highest survival rate between summer and autumn. The cuttings are selected from healthy 2-year-old branches with a length of 10-12 cm. The lower leaves are cut off, dipped in vitamin B12 injection first, and then inserted into sand. Under the condition of 80% relative humidity and temperature of 20 - 24℃, roots can be taken for about 15 days. If soaked in 20*10-6 ~50 *10-6 indolebutyric acid for 24 hours, the effect is better. Transplant or pot single plant when rooting seedlings begin to grow, and flower after 2 years.

(2) Layered propagation

In April, healthy branches are selected from 3-year-old mother plants, 25~30 cm long, and layered. If there are three branches, three seedlings can be obtained at one time at the fork. Generally, it can take root after 20~30 days, and can be separated from the mother plant in June, and can be planted separately or potted in the next spring.

(3) Seed breeding

Most of them are carried out in spring, seeds germinate slowly, germinate about 1 year after sowing, bloom after 3~4 years, and it is difficult to receive seeds in potted plants in the north.

2. field management

Gardenia like fertilizer, but to apply more thin fertilizer is appropriate. The soil likes acid and drains well. After transplanting, the seedlings can be topdressed once a month; pruned once every May to July, cutting off the top shoots and promoting branching to form a complete crown. Adult trees are excised from dead flowers, which are beneficial to vigorous flowering and prolonged flowering. Potted gardenia in time to pour out water after the rain, yellow leaves when timely application of alum fertilizer.

In the north, gardenia is often introduced from the south in the first year, with large flowers, smaller in the second year, yellow leaves and easy to fall off, and serious plant death. The main reason is that the soil in the north is alkaline, the climate is dry and the water quality is not suitable for its growth. Therefore, the introduction from the south should be transplanted with soil as much as possible. Rainwater stored at ordinary times or soaked in green grass and pericarp can also be poured after fermentation of salt-free swill. If 0.1 kg ferrous sulfate can be added to 50 kg water, the effect is better. Growth peak period with ground water topdressing, can promote luxuriant branches and leaves, dark green light. In spring and autumn, growth is slow. Apply thin liquid fertilizer once every 2~3 weeks. After summer, the temperature rises and the growth becomes vigorous. It can be applied once every 7~10 days. In the morning and evening, clean water can also be used to drench the foliage and nearby ground to increase air humidity. Before autumn frost, move to winter environment where the temperature is not lower than 0℃.

3. pest control

(1) Pests

Gardenia in high humidity, poor ventilation environment is vulnerable to scale insects harm, can be promptly removed with a small brush or sprayed with 100~150 times 20 gasoline emulsion.

(2) Disease

① soot disease

It occurs in branches and leaves, and can be washed with water after discovery, or sprayed with 0.3 Baume's sulfur mixture, 1000~1200 times carbendazim.

② rot disease

Often occurs in the lower trunk, stem expansion, cracking, found immediately after scraping or coating 5~10 degrees of sulfur mixture, several times before it can work.

(4) Harvest and processing

From September to November, pick the fruit, remove the impurities such as fruit stalk, steam it in steamer or boil it in boiling water (alum can be added), take it out and dry it. Fruit is not easy to dry, so it should be turned frequently to make good ventilation, so as not to mildew. The roots were dug in summer and autumn, washed and dried.