Cultivation techniques of Phellodendron Phellodendri

1. Land selection and land preparation

Phellodendron Phellodendri is a positive tree species, which can be planted in mountain areas and plains, but it is better on the land with deep soil layer, convenient drainage and irrigation and rich in humus. Free land such as the front and back of the house or the roadside can also be planted. Select the flat land, apply barnyard manure 4000~5000kg, turn 20~25cm deeply, rake fine and flat, and make 1.3m wide flat border. Planting Phellodendron Phellodendri in combination with afforestation.

2. Methods of reproduction

(1) seed propagation: the method of seed seedling and transplanting is often used in large-scale production of Phellodendron Phellodendri.

1) seed collection: from October to November, the ripe fruit was collected and covered with grass in the corner of the house. after 10 to 15 days, the peel was rubbed, washed in water, the seeds were taken out, dried in the shade or in the sun, and stored in a ventilated and dry place.

2) sowing: spring sowing and autumn sowing. Spring sowing is generally in the middle and first ten days of March in the south, from late April to late May in Northeast China, and in late March in North China. Soak the seeds in 40 ℃ warm water for 24 hours before sowing, mix well with wet sand and seeds at 3:1 to accelerate germination. After the seeds are cracked, the seeds are sown in shallow trenches with a distance of 25~30cm and a depth of about 3cm. After sowing, the seeds are covered with soil, slightly suppressed and watered. Seed 2~3kg per mu. The border can be covered with straw to keep the soil moist, remove the mulch before the seeds germinate and emerge in 40-50 days. Autumn sowing was carried out from "Frosts Descent" to "the Beginning of Winter" (November to December). The seeds were moist 20 days before sowing until the seed coat softened, and the seedlings emerged in the following spring. The rest of the management is the same as before.

3) transplanting: growing for one year, transplanting when the seedling height is 50~90cm. If it grows too small, it can be transplanted for another year. After the leaves fall in winter and before the new buds germinate the following year, dig out the seedlings, cut off the over-long part of the lower part of the root, or dig out the soil. If afforestation, you can dig holes according to the distance between rows and plants 3mx2m, 1 plant in each hole, and gently lift the seedlings upward when filling to half of the soil, so that the roots can be stretched and then filled with soil, firmly and watered. It can also be planted on the side of the ditch, by the side of the road and behind the house. The planting method is the same as above.

(2) split root propagation: in the dormant period, the tender root with thick Icm diameter was selected, stored in cellar until thawed in the following spring, and cut into a long section of 15~20cm, which was obliquely inserted in the soil (not exposed to the ground), and watered after planting to promote germination. Transplant one year later, the method is the same as above.

3. Field management

The main results are as follows: (1) Intermediate and fixed seedlings: the soil is often kept moist in the seedling emergence stage. After emergence, 1 seedling is retained every 7~1Ocm when the seedling height is 3~4cm, and when the seedling height is 17~20cm, the seedlings are fixed according to the plant spacing 7~1Ocm. The principle is to remove the weak and retain the strong.

(2) Intermediate tillage weeding: after sowing to before seedling emergence, loosen the soil and weed once, after seedling emergence to before sealing ridge, intertillage weeding twice, so that the soil is loose and there are no weeds in the land.

(3) topdressing: in general nursery land, in addition to applying sufficient basal fertilizer, topdressing should also be applied for 2 or 3 times. After weeding in interseedling or intertillage, diammonium phosphate 20kg was applied per mu.

(4) watering: the soil should be watered frequently after sowing to keep the soil moist to facilitate germination. After emergence, if you encounter drought, you should water it in time and loosen the soil frequently.

(5) Management after planting: the soil should be kept moist for half a month in order to improve the survival rate. Within 1-2 years, intertillage and weeding was carried out in summer and autumn. Before the beginning of winter, dig ditches around the trees to apply stable manure, each 10~15kg. After 4 years, topdressing was done every 2-3 years. After peeling, it is necessary to fertilize, water and cut flowers in time to strengthen the rejuvenation of the tree.

(6) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

1) Rust: the pathogen is a half-known fungus in fungi. Harms the leaves. At the initial stage of the disease, yellow-green near-circular spots appeared on the leaves, with inconspicuous dots on the edge, and orange-yellow protruding spots appeared on the back of the leaves in the later stage. It usually occurs in the middle of May, and the harm is serious from June to July.

Prevention and treatment methods: spray Baume 0.2-0.3 degree stone-sulfur mixture during the onset of the disease, or use a 700-fold solution of 25% strychnine, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 times.

2) Zanthoxylum bungeanum Butterfly: the larva is harmful to the leaves, which occurs from May to August. Control methods: artificial capture of larvae and the use of parasitic wasps to inhibit the occurrence of butterflies. During the larval stage, 90% of trichlorfon was sprayed 800 times, once every 5-7 days, 2-3 times in a row.

4. Select improved varieties and select Phellodendron Phellodendri species according to local climatic conditions. In the northern region, the seeds of Phellodendron Phellodendri should be selected, and the provinces south of the Yangtze River should introduce Phellodendron Phellodendri as far as possible to suit the local climate and conducive to growth.

[harvest processing]

Phellodendron Phellodendri can be harvested 15-20 years after planting. From May to June, when the sap is sufficient and the cambium is easy to peel off, the tree is immediately peeled and cut into long segments of 60cm for processing and medicinal purposes, and the thicker branch bark can also be used as medicine. The removal of bark from trees does great damage to resources, and the method of ring peeling and new bark regeneration has been adopted in recent years. In the vigorous growth season in summer, trees more than 10 years old and 30~50cm in breast diameter are peeled around the upper and lower ends of the trunk with a grafting knife, and then cut longitudinally along the trunk to the upper and lower ends of the ring. The depth of the knife should be controlled in cutting off the bark without damaging the cambium, then pry up the bark vigorously and tear it off gently. Be careful not to push too hard, so as not to damage the exposed trunk surface after being peeled by www.cyone.com.cn/. Do not touch the wound with hands and tools during operation, so as not to affect the growth of new skin. The length of peeling can be determined according to tree potential, trunk length and tree state. After peeling, it is quickly wrapped with plastic film, lined with twigs or bamboo poles longer than the length of the peeling, to prevent the film from sticking to the wound surface to facilitate the growth of new skin. After 3 years, the new skin can be peeled again when the thickness of the new skin and the original skin are basically the same. Peel off the bark and scrape off the outer layer while it is fresh to show yellow. Sun until semi-dry, overlap in piles, flatten, and then dry. It can be used for human medicine.

Dry body, bright yellow, rough skin to clean, thick skin is better.