Five kinds of Diseases and insect pests of Salvia miltiorrhiza and their Control methods

1. Root rot

(1) damage and symptoms: root rot of Salvia miltiorrhiza occurs in high temperature and rainy season, which harms the roots of plants. At the initial stage, only a few roots or part of the underground rhizome became ill first, and gradually expanded to the whole root system. After the root was killed, the wet rot occurred, and the outer skin was black. in the early stage of the disease, some branches and leaves died, and in serious cases, the whole plant died. Salvia miltiorrhiza producing areas have varying degrees of harm, resulting in certain losses.

(2) Prevention and control measures

① rotation: due to soil bacteria, continuous cropping of Salvia miltiorrhiza has early onset, serious disease and rapid spread. It is best to rotate with Gramineae crops for 3 ~ 5 years to reduce the number of pathogens and the incidence of disease.

② healthy seed retention: select disease-resistant varieties; select strong and disease-free seed roots; do not leave seeds in the diseased fields to reduce diseases.

③ to strengthen field management: reasonable fertilization, more organic fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer; timely removal of stagnant water in the rainy season, pay attention to loose soil, improve plant disease resistance.

④ chemical control: 1kg / mu 70% dimethicone wettable powder or 50% carbendazim wettable powder mixed with 3 kg fine soil, sprinkled into the hole when seeding, have a certain control effect; cuttings and Reed head disinfection, soak the cuttings and Reed head with 1000 times solution of 50% methyloxane wettable powder or 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder for 3 minutes, then soak the cuttings and Reed for 3 minutes after drying. During the growing period, fungicides were irrigated around the roots of diseased plants at the initial stage of Salvia miltiorrhiza disease, which could control the spread of the disease. the commonly used pesticides were 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 50% prednisone wettable powder 500 times, or 96% copper sulfate 1000 times, or 3% agricultural resistance 120 water agent 100 times 150 times, once every 10 to 15 days, for 3 times in a row.

2. Root knot nematode disease

(1) harm and symptoms: the disease harms the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Nodular galls were found on the main root, lateral root and fibrous root, the main root and lateral root became thinner, and the fibrous root became more. There are fine hair roots on the galls. After the nematodes were parasitized, the root function was destroyed, the aboveground parts of the plants were obviously dwarfed, the leaves became yellow, the growth was thin, and the yield was affected.

(2) Prevention and control measures

① rotation: rotation with Gramineae crops for more than 3 years can reduce the density of nematodes in soil. The longer the years of rotation, the better the effect. Be careful not to rotate with the host plant of root-knot nematode.

② medicament treatment: 1.52kg per mu with 3% millet granule, 50kg mixed with dry fine soil, 20 cm into the soil 10 days before sowing, and immediately cover the soil to flatten. It can also be mixed with 98% Mianlong granule 5kg / mu, mixed well with dry fine soil, and applied into the sowing ditch when sowing.

3. Leaf blight

(1) harm and symptoms: the disease mainly harms the leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The lower leaves of the plant first fell ill and gradually spread upward. At the initial stage of the disease, brown and round spots appeared on the leaf surface; after that, the disease spots continued to expand, and the center was grayish brown. Finally, the leaves scorched and the plants died, which seriously affected the yield of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

(2) Prevention and control measures

① selected robust seeds and soaked the seeds in 1 1 100 Bordeaux solution for 10 minutes before sowing.

② increased the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to enhance the plant resistance to end disease, opened ditches and drained water in time after rain, and reduced the humidity in the field.

③ chemical control. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim 600 times, 65% Dyson zinc 600 times or 50% Dyson zinc 500 times were sprayed for 2 times 3 times at intervals of 10 to 15 days.

4. White silk disease

(1) harm and symptoms: the disease mainly harms the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. At the initial stage of the disease, white silk-like sclerotia appeared near the main root from the base of the stem to the topsoil layer, and the root suffered wet rot. In the later stage, the aboveground branches and leaves of the plant wilted and died. When the weather is wet, there are often white hyphae and mouse shit-like sclerotia at the base of the diseased stem. The serious year caused the yield of Salvia miltiorrhiza to decrease greatly.

(2) Prevention and control measures

① chooses strong disease-free seeds and rotates crops with paddy and drought or with Gramineae crops.

In the early stage of ②, the diseased plants were dug out in time, and the soil was removed and concentrated retting fertilizer treatment; the disease point was poured with 50% carbendazim 600 times or 50% Sukeling 1500 times, or 10 grams per square meter of Trichoderma preparation was applied to loosen the soil.

5. Dodder is a parasitic weed.

The main results are as follows: (1) harm and symptoms: because dodder has strong vitality and spreads rapidly, rootless vines are wrapped around Salvia miltiorrhiza plants with suckers and survive by absorbing nutrients from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Therefore, it can be covered with Salvia miltiorrhiza plants in a short period of time, which seriously affects the plant growth, hinders the root growth and reduces the yield. After the young stem of dodder wrapped around Salvia miltiorrhiza, it constantly produced branches and spread to the surrounding plants. in serious cases, the whole piece of Salvia miltiorrhiza was covered, resulting in yellow or withered leaves.

(2) Prevention and control measures

① combined with deep ploughing the land, deeply bury dodder seeds, or implement flood-drought rotation; when it is found that the harm of dodder should be eliminated as soon as possible to prevent expansion and production of seeds.

② was sprayed with biological herbicide "Lubao No. 1" powder, 2-2.5kg per mu or 3kg / mu sprayed with bacterial solution.