High-yield cultivation techniques of Coix seed for both medicine and food

Coix, alias Yuzhu, six millet and medicinal corn, is an annual herbal medicinal plant of Gramineae. It is used in medicine with nuts, which has the effects of clearing heat, diuresis, moistening dampness, expelling pus, tonifying lung, invigorating spleen and stomach, strengthening muscles and bones, lowering blood pressure, and has good anticancer effect. Coix seed is not only a nourishing traditional Chinese medicine for both medicine and food, but also a common raw material for health product manufacturers to make cool drinks in summer. In recent years, not only the domestic market demand has increased, but also exported to Japan, South Korea and other places. Coix is one of the varieties of short, flat and fast medicinal materials, which can be planted in the north and south of China. The main points of its high yield cultivation are introduced as follows.

I. selection of improved varieties

Coix varieties are divided into early maturity, medium maturity and late maturity, among which "thin shell red coat" Coix is a mid-mature hybrid variety selected in recent years, which is characterized by oval fruit, light brown surface, light red or light white inner seed coat, thin seed shell, 65% rice yield, strong stem, strong lodging resistance, high yield and consistent maturity. This variety is the best choice when planting.

II. Land selection and preparation

Coix has strong adaptability, lax requirements on soil, like wetting, saline-alkali tolerance and barren. The traditional land selection is sunny, gentle sloping land with deep soil layer, mountain and flat land, and avoid stagnant water. During soil preparation, 1500 kg of farm manure and 50 kg of superphosphate are applied per mu, then ploughed, raked and leveled, and drainage ditches are opened around to be sown.

3. Seed treatment before sowing

In order to prevent smut, the seeds should be disinfected before sowing. Put the seeds into a cloth bag, soak them in warm water of 30 ℃ ~ 40 ℃ for 10 minutes, soak them in 2% lime water for 24 hours, or soak them in Bordeaux solution of 1 ∶ and 1 ∶ for 24 hours. Rinse with clean water immediately after taking out, and then sow seeds. In addition, when sowing, pesticides such as 50% carbendazim or 50% methyl topiramate can also be used to mix seeds according to 0.4%-0.5% of the total seed quantity, and the disease prevention effect is good.

Fourth, sowing seeds

Coix can be planted in both spring and summer, but no later than the end of June at the latest. The sowing method is divided into strip sowing and hole sowing. Strip sowing: on the whole ground, open a shallow trench with a depth of 3cm to 4cm according to the row spacing of 35cm. Spread the seeds evenly into the ditch and cover with fine soil or soil fertilizer to cover the seeds. Hole sowing: dig holes on the whole ground according to row spacing 40 cm 45 cm, plant spacing 15 cm 20 cm, hole depth 5 cm 6 cm, each hole sow 3% 4 seeds, and then cover the surface of the hole. The sowing rate is 3-4 kg per mu.

V. Field management

1. In the direct seeding field, when the seedlings grew 2-3 true leaves, combined with weeding to remove dense seedlings and diseased weak seedlings, the distance between seedlings was kept at 5-7 cm, and when the seedlings grew 5-6 true leaves, the plant spacing was kept at 10-15 cm. If there is a shortage of seedlings, they should be replenished in time. two。 When the seedlings were removed by intertillage, the weeding was carried out once; when the seedlings were fixed, it was carried out again; in the future, it was carried out according to the soil hardening and weed breeding combined with topdressing. The treatment of stems and leaves with benzoic acid herbicides such as tripterygium can control annual or perennial broad-leaved weeds.

3. Topdressing is generally applied for 2 or 3 times in the process of growth. The first topdressing was carried out when the seedling height was 4-7 cm, ammonium sulfate 5-10 kg per mu, or mature human and animal feces and urine 1000 kg per mu to promote seedling growth, early tillering and more tillering; the second topdressing should depend on seedling fertility, generally at the early jointing stage, the main stem was carried out at 11-12 leaf stage, and ammonium sulfate 10-15 kg per mu or 1500 kg of mature human and animal manure water per mu to promote plant growth and help booting. The third topdressing should be applied according to the seedling condition and soil fertility, applying urea 3kg / mu or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as foliar spraying to promote grain fullness and improve quality and yield.

4. After the jointing of Coix, the old leaves and invalid tillers below the first branch were removed, which was beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, promoted the stalk sturdiness, and also had a certain effect on preventing lodging.

5. Artificial pollination Coix flowers are unisexual, although different ears of the same plant, pollination by wind, but in the flowering stage five winds or the wind is not strong, the female flowers can not be completely pollinated, will form empty grained grains. In the full flowering stage, the method of artificially shaking the stem and making the pollen fly can be used to improve the seed setting rate and increase the yield.

VI. Pest control

1. Smut is harmful to the ear, and the damaged seeds emit a large amount of dark brown powder after rupture. The prevention and control methods are as follows: ① soaked seeds before sowing; ② found diseased plants, immediately pulled out, burned and buried deeply; ③ disease holes were disinfected with 5% lime milk.

two。 Leaf blight is harmful to leaves, and light yellow disease spots appear after the occurrence of leaf blight. The control methods are as follows: 1 ∶ 1 ∶ Bordeaux solution was sprayed at the initial stage of ①, once every 7 days, 2 times continuously, and ② removed foot leaves in time to keep the field ventilated and transparent.

3. The armyworm bites the leaves with larvae, and the control method is to spray it with 80-1000 times of trichlorfon.

VII. Harvesting and processing

Coix was harvested about 5 months after sowing. When the stems and leaves turn yellow and 80% of the fruits are light brown and mature, the stalks are cut off, threshing, drying, removing impurities, removing the empty shell, sieving, then grinding off the shell with a rice mill, sieving and drying to become a commodity.