Cultivation techniques of Rhizoma Polygonatum

I. selection of land and land preparation

Rhizoma Polygonatum chooses the moist and fertile forest land or mountain area, the forest edge land is the most suitable, it requires no stagnant water, saline-alkali influence, the soil is fertile, loose sandy soil rich in rot is the best, the soil is thin, dry and sandy land is not suitable for planting, soil preparation requires soil deep turning over 30cm, leveling and raking fine to make the bed. The general width of the border is 1. 2m . The length of the border is 10-15m, and the border surface is 10-15cm higher than the ground plane. Apply sufficient base fertilizer in the border, high-quality rotten farm manure 4000kg/ mu, evenly applied into the bed soil. Dig deeper into the 30cm. Make the fertile soil fully mixed, then flatten and rake fine and wait for sowing.

II. Scientific planting

1. Seed propagation: select biennial plants with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests, strengthen field management, collect berries when blackening and ripening in autumn, and carry out low temperature treatment of wet sand before winter. The method is to dig a deep pit in the sunny leeward of the courtyard. Deep 40cm, wide 30cm. Mix 1 part of the seed and 3 parts of fine sand evenly, the humidity of the sand will be clustered by hand, it will disperse when it falls to the ground, there is no dripping between the fingers, and the mixed wet sand will be put into the pit. Put the straw high in the center to facilitate ventilation. Then cover the pit with fine sand, keep the pit moist, check frequently to prevent dry and rodent damage, take out the seeds at the beginning of April of the following spring, sift out the wet sand and sow the seeds, cut the trench depth 3-5cm according to the row spacing 15cm on the whole seedbed, and sow the treated seeds evenly into the ditch. Thickness of soil cover 2. 5-3cm, slightly step on, keep the soil moist, the soil moisture is poor, burn once after sowing, then insert arch strip, buckle plastic agricultural film, strengthen arch shed seedling bed management, timely ventilation, seedling refining, and so on seedling height 3cm, cover day and night, gradually remove arch shed, timely weeding, boil water, promote young seedlings to grow healthily. After autumn or the following spring, seedlings were born and transplanted to the field. 2. Rhizome propagation: select strong and pest-free plants in the remaining planting field, dig the rhizome in autumn or early spring, properly preserve it in autumn, plant 5-7cm segments directly in early spring, and bud segments 2-3 nodes. After the wound was slightly dried with plant ash, it was planted immediately, and the spring planting was carried out in the first ten days of April. On the finished border surface, the horizontal trench was opened according to the row spacing 25cm, the ditch depth was 8-10cm, and the rewarding seed root bud eyes were upward. Put it along the ridge and ditch, flat every 10-12cm. Cover fine fertile soil 5-6cm thick. Step on the compaction, the soil moisture is poor, and water once after planting. 3. Seedling transplanting: in general, the transplanting time in the northern region is mostly carried out at the beginning of April, on the whole planting plot, according to the row spacing 30cm. The distance from the plant to 15cm was dug into the hole, the hole was deep 15cm, the bottom of the hole was dug and leveled, and the bottom fertilizer 3000kg/ mu was applied. Then plant the nursery seedlings into the hole. 2 plants in each hole, covered with soil and pressed. Water it once. Seal the hole again to ensure the survival rate.

III. Field management

1. Ploughing and weeding. During the growth of Polygonatum polygonatum plant, ploughing and weeding should be carried out frequently, and each time should be light hoe, so as not to hurt the root and promote the strong plant. 2. Reasonable topdressing. Topdressing is carried out in combination with mid-tillage every year, and 1000-1500kg mu of high-quality fertilizer is applied to human and livestock each time. Every year before winter, high quality farm manure 1200-1500kg was added again, and 50kg superphosphate was mixed. Cake fertilizer 50kg. After mixing evenly, ditch application, and then watering, accelerate the formation and growth of roots. 3. Timely drainage and irrigation. Huang Jing likes to be wet and afraid of drought, so the fields should always be kept moist and watered in time in case of dry climate, but in the rainy season, it is necessary to prevent stagnant water from draining in time so as not to cause rotting roots. 4. Pick the flowers. The flowering and fruiting period of Polygonatum polygonatum lasts for a long time, and there are many umbels and fruits in the axils of each stem and branch, which consumes a lot of nutrients and affects the growth of rhizomes. Therefore, the flower buds should be picked in time before bud formation. In order to promote the concentrated transfer of nutrients to the rhizome of the harvest, the yield was increased. 5, prevention and cure disease: the general leaf produces brown round spot, the edge is purplish red, it is leaf spot disease. Most of them occur in summer and autumn, and the pathogens are half-known bacteria in fungi. Prevention is the main method of prevention. At the beginning of summer, it can be sprayed with 100 Bordeaux solution or 65% Dyson zinc wettable powder 500 colors 600 times, every 5-7 days, 2-3 times in a row.