Planting technique of licorice

Licorice is a leguminous plant. The main types are Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. It has the effects of tonifying spleen and replenishing qi, relieving cough and expectoration, clearing heat and detoxification, relieving pain and reconciling medicinal properties. The cultivation techniques of licorice are introduced as follows.

Soil selection

Licorice is a perennial herb of Glycyrrhiza Leguminosae, with developed rhizome, deep soil, suitable for dry farming, saline-alkali tolerance, strong positive, calcium preference, fear of waterlogging, and strong vitality. The cultivation of licorice should choose the sandy soil with a groundwater level below 1.50m, a good drainage condition, a soil thickness of more than 2m, no consolidation layer, a PH value of about 8 and convenient irrigation. It is best to turn the land in autumn, or in spring if it is too late, but you must ensure the soil moisture, break the bumps and flatten the ground, otherwise it will affect the whole seedling.

Variety selection and seed treatment

Improved varieties are the internal factors to capture the high yield of licorice. Ural Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza uralensis are generally selected as the leading varieties in our county. For those who use seeds as sowing materials, the seeds are milled with an electric rice mill before sowing, or the seeds are weighed in a ceramic pot, mixed with 1 kg of seeds and 30 ml of 80% concentrated sulfuric acid, stirred repeatedly with smooth sticks, soaked for 7 hours at 20 ℃, then washed with clean water for many times and dried, the germination rate can reach more than 90%.

Sowing seeds

Licorice can be sown in spring, summer and autumn, and it is best to sow in May in summer, when the temperature is higher, seedlings emerge quickly, and there is a longer growth period before winter. Before sowing, 4000 kg / mu of high quality farm manure and 35 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate were used as base fertilizer. If sowing seeds, the better sowing method could be strip sowing or hole sowing. The sowing rate was 2.50kg / mu, the row spacing was 30ml / mu, the plant spacing was 15cm, the sowing depth was 2.50kg / mu, and there were 5 seeds per hole. After sowing, the soil was covered with rake to conserve soil moisture.

Field management

Fertilization: 25kg / mu of diammonium phosphate was applied before seedling germination in spring in the second and third year. And trench application in the row side 10 cm deep, ditch depth of 15 cm, cover soil after fertilization.

Irrigation: in the sowing year, irrigation was carried out for 3 times, usually 85 cubic meters per mu. The first irrigation was carried out about one month after emergence, then once every month, and overwintering water in the middle of October. The times of irrigation could be gradually reduced in the second, third and fourth years.

Seedlings: when licorice seedlings grow to 15 cm high, seedlings can be carried out, plant spacing of 15 cm, about 20,000 seedlings per mu.

Intertillage weeding: general intertillage for 4 times in the sowing year, which can be appropriately reduced later, combined with intertillage to mainly eliminate weeds in the field, such as dodder.

Pest control: the main diseases and insect pests of licorice in our county are rust, powdery mildew, red spider and so on. For rust, stone-sulfur mixture can be used to control powdery mildew, methyl topiramate can be used to control powdery mildew, and dimethoate can be used to control red spiders.

Seed collection: if artificial cultivation must be used to collect seeds year after year, large and full seeds can be obtained by removing the flowers and fruits near the branch tip during the flowering and podding period. The seed collection should be in the pod when the seed changes from green to brown, that is, the middle stage of setting grain size is the best, when the hard seed rate is low, the treatment is simple, and the emergence rate is high. The time of seed collection should not be early, otherwise the germination rate of seeds will be affected after sowing, resulting in lack of seedlings and broken ridges, resulting in low yield and poor economic benefits.

Harvest

Licorice generally grows for 4-6 years and has better economic benefits. Before harvest, you can first cut off the stems and leaves, dig deeply along both sides of the line, and pull them out forcefully after the rhizome is exposed more than 40 centimeters from the ground. the pulled rhizome should be cut off the Reed head, root tail and lateral root, and the upright rhizome is called "stick grass". The horizontal rhizome is called "striped grass", and the lateral rhizome is called "hairy grass". "stick grass" re-grading, grading, after straightening out the length. It is bundled into small bundles, hung until half-dry and then bundled into large bundles, which will be sold on the market after being air-dried.