Planting techniques of Evodia rutaecarpa

Evodia rutaecarpa is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which is used for medicine with the functions of warming, dispelling cold, dryness and dampness, soothing the liver, relieving vomiting and relieving pain. Main treatment of stomachache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other diseases. External use to treat eczema, aphtha and hypertension.

Small deciduous trees or shrubs of Evodia rutaecarpa. Like warm climate and sunny environment. The requirement of soil is not strict, but it is better to use sandy soil and oil sandy soil with loose, fertile and good drainage. It is suitable for cultivation in mountainous, hilly and Pingba sunny places, grows well, and blossoms and bears fruit in 2-3 years.

First, raising seedlings

1. Cuttage seedlings:

① branch insertion method: a 4-6-year-old plant with vigorous growth and no diseases and insect pests was selected as the mother plant. Before the new shoots germinated in winter or early February, one-year-old branches were cut from the mother plant and cut into cuttings with 20-25cm length and 4 buds per segment. Cut into a horse ear-shaped bevel. Every 50 roots were tied into a bundle, dipped in GGR solution in the incision 1-2cm, and dried. The cuttings are first punched with a thin stick from the 105cm, and then the cuttings are inserted into the hole. The depth of the spike length is 1gram 2mer 1Accord 3. Press and pour water once, cover the bow plastic shed to increase temperature and moisturize, and remove after rooting and sprouting. The seedlings were cultivated for 1 year and planted in the nursery when the height of the seedlings was above 50cm.

② root insertion method: in early February, the lateral roots of more than 4-year-old mother plants with a diameter of more than 1cm were cut into 15-20cm root segments for cuttings. Cutting seedlings were raised according to the density and method of branch cutting method. It takes about 1 month to take root and sprout, and it can be planted in the nursery in the early spring of the following year.

2. Tillering propagation by root injury

Evodia rutaecarpa has strong tillering ability. Before germination in winter or early spring, the mother plant of more than 4 years can be selected, the soil around the plant rhizosphere can be removed, and on the thicker lateral root, cut away from the root 7-9cm with a knife, soil fertilizer can be applied to cover the thin soil. 1 after 2 months, the root tiller seedlings germinated at the wound and cultivated for 1 year. When the seedlings were higher than 50cm, they could be dug with roots and planted separately.

II. Planting

1. Site selection: in early winter, choose sunny gentle slope land, field edge, ground angle, front and back house, and around the courtyard, loose, fertile and well-drained sandy soil as cutting nursery bed, and apply plant ash after deep turning, ploughing the soil to make a cutter with a length of 5-8m, a width of 1.3m and a high 30cm, and wet the bed with water. The hole was dug according to the row distance of 32m, the diameter and depth of each 50cm.

2. Planting: it can be planted from defoliation in winter to germination in early spring. Each hole was treated with rotten compost or soil fertilizer 15kg, and then watered thoroughly after planting.

3. Upbringing and management:

1. Ploughing and weeding:

From planting to canopy closure, weeding should be carried out once a year in spring, summer and autumn, with shallow hoeing in the early stage to avoid root injury and deep hoeing in the later stage. Bamboo can be intercropped with other crops.

2. Topdressing:

Before germination in early spring, mature human and animal manure water was applied once to promote spring shoot germination and growth, and it could blossom and bear fruit after planting for 2-3 years. In the fruiting period, one rotten cake fertilizer or human and animal manure was applied before flowering in spring. Generally, at the age of 3 years, each plant was treated with 20kg, applied in a ring-shaped groove in the rhizosphere, and then covered with soil. Before the fruit was produced from June to July, human and animal manure water and calcium superphosphate or plant ash were applied again to facilitate fruit setting, and after fruit harvest in autumn, combined with winter cultivation in clear garden, fertilizer was applied again.

3. Pruning:

The height of young trees is 80-100cm to cut off the tip of the main stem to promote its branching. Among the lateral branches growing in all directions, 4 robust branches were selected and cultivated as the main branches, and in the summer of the second year, 4 branches with full growth and development were selected between the axils of the main branches and cultivated into secondary main branches, and then sent out lateral branches on the secondary main branches. Properly cut off dense branches, overlapping branches, overgrown branches and disease and insect branches every winter. After each pruning, fertilizer should be applied once to restore the tree.

Fourth, pest prevention and control:

1. Rust:

Damage the leaves. Prevention and control methods: at the initial stage of the onset of ①, spraying Baumei 0.2-0.3 degree stone sulfur mixture or 97% sodium rust 300 times or 25% trimming solution 1500 times; ② increased application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve disease resistance; after winter fruit harvest and each pruning of ③, clean the fields, concentrate on the treatment of diseased branches and leaves, burn and bury deeply.

2. Coal pollution disease

It harms leaves and branches, declines the growth of trees and affects yield. Control method: ① uses 40% dimethoate 1000 times liquid to kill aphids and scale insects in time; spraying 50% carbendazim 800 100 times liquid or 1 0.5-15 Bordeaux solution at the initial stage of the onset of ② can also spray Baume 0.3 degree stone sulfur mixture to control.

3. Brown longicorn beetles

The larvae eat into the stem and bite the xylem, resulting in hollow, and the rod is easy to break and die. Control methods: ① cotton dipped in 40% dimethoate EC, stuffed into the hole, and sealed with yellow mud to kill; ② scraped the eggs and newly hatched larvae with a knife at the spawning crack; ③ used 1 part of sulfur powder, 10 parts of quicklime and 40 parts of water to form lime slurry and painted the tree trunk during the adult spawning period.

V. harvesting and processing

1. Harvest

It blossoms and bears fruit 2-3 years after planting, and is harvested from August to September when the fruit turns yellow and is not yet fully ripe. Choose a sunny day and cut off the ear with scissors when the dew is not dry in the morning. Early-maturing varieties are suitable for harvest after Lesser Heat.

2. Processing

The fruit should be dried in the sun after being harvested and put indoors. Do not pile it up to avoid fermentation. When baking, the temperature should not exceed 60 ℃. When baking and drying, it should be turned frequently. After drying, remove the branches and remove the impurities to become a commodity.