High-yield cultivation techniques of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz

Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz) is a plant of the family Compositae, which is treated with rhizome and sliced for raw or stir-fried use. White arts like cool climate, afraid of high temperature and humidity. The requirement of soil is not strict, sandy loam with good drainage is better, but it is not suitable to be planted in low-lying land and saline-alkali land.

Land selection and preparation

It is better to use Gramineae crops before Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, or to choose wasteland or land where Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz has been stopped for more than 4 years. Turn the soil 9~12cm, flatten it, remove the coarse stones, and make the 75cm wide bed for backup.

Sowing and reproduction

Sowing in the middle and last ten days of April, strip sowing seeds per mu 4~5kg, sowing seeds per mu 5~7.5kg. Before sowing, choose full seeds and mix them with sand into the field (in arid areas, soak the seeds in warm water for 24 hours). Strip sowing according to row spacing 15cm, sowing width 6~9cm, open 3~4.5cm shallow trench (the bottom of the ditch should be flat to make seedling emergence consistent), after sowing, cover soil 3cm, slightly pressure, make the seed and soil closely combine. The soil should keep enough temperature before emergence. Generally, seedlings can emerge by watering water for 2 or 3 times.

After the seedlings are unearthed, the seedlings should be pulled out in time to remove dense seedlings and diseased seedlings. When the seedling height is 4.5~6cm, the seedling can be fixed according to the plant distance 6~9cm. Topdressing for 1-2 times at seedling stage, organic manure is better, and the dosage should not be too much; properly watering or spreading grass between rows to prevent drought.

The seeds of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz were dug and planted from mid-September to early November, and the stems, leaves and fibrous roots were removed (be careful not to hurt the main root and rhizome epidermis), dried for 1-2 days, and stored in a dry and cool place. First spread 3cm thick sand, then lay a layer of technical planting (thick 9~12cm), and then spread a layer of sand, a layer of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. When the pile is about the height of the 30cm, insert a few bunches of grass in the center of the stack to facilitate ventilation, and the upper cover is moderately dry and wet sand or soil. Grass should be covered to keep warm when it is cold in winter. During the storage period, it should be checked every 15 to 30 days. Diseased plants should be picked out in time so as not to cause decay. If it is not sprouted, it should be turned over to prevent the growth of buds.

Planting

It was planted from the end of March to the first ten days of April the following year. Attention should be paid to the selection of seeds with strong growth, developed roots, plump top buds, tender epidermis, slender top and round tail as propagation materials, while those with abnormal planting, Lignification of top stems, thick and long main roots and sparse lateral roots grow poorly after planting. According to the row spacing of 24 × 12cm or 18 × 12cm, the planting depth is 6~9cm (with burying technique planting, with 3cm soil as the degree), the density is 10000 × 12000 plants per mu, and the seed planting amount is about 50kg per mu.

Intermediate ploughing and weeding

It is necessary to weed frequently and loosen the soil shallowly. In principle, the fields are free of weeds and the soil is not hardened. Weeds should not be weeded when the dew is not dry after rain, otherwise it is easy to get sick.

adequate manuring

In the cultivation of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, drug farmers summed up the production experience of "applying sufficient base fertilizer, early application of grass fertilizer, and heavy application of topdressing". In general, organic fertilizer 500~1000kg and superphosphate 25kg / mu should be applied to base fertilizer, and rarefied human feces and urine should be applied once in the first ten days of May, 500kg / mu. Before and after the result is the period of the strongest fertilizer absorption, the fastest growth and the fastest expansion of underground rhizome in the whole growth period of Atractylodes macrocephala, and the organic fertilizer 1000kg and compound phosphate fertilizer 30kg are generally applied per mu in the full flowering stage.

Watering and drainage

Atractylodes macrocephala likes to dry, especially when the early temperature is high, and the stagnant water in the field is easy to die, so we should pay attention to digging ditches, managing ditches and timely drainage after rain. The rhizome expands obviously in late August and needs a certain amount of water, such as proper watering for a long drought to keep the field moist, otherwise it will affect the yield.

Remove the buds

In order to concentrate nutrients for rhizome growth, except for 5-6 buds per plant, all of them should be removed at the right time. Generally in mid-July to early August divided into 2-3 times to remove buds, one hand to pinch the stem, the other to pick buds, as far as possible to retain the leaflets, do not shake the roots of the plant. Buds should be picked in sunny days, buds should be picked in rainy days, and soaking the wound can easily cause diseases.

The processing of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz

The goods obtained by the drying method are "baking" or "Kang". The Kang should be dried three times, the first time, the temperature is about 80 ℃, and then turn up and down again after 4 hours, so that the fine roots fall off; when the Kang is dried at a temperature of 60 ℃ ~ 70 ℃ to 80% dry, it is taken out and stacked for 6 ~ 7 days, so that the internal water spills out and the skin is softened, and then dried at a temperature of 50 ℃ ~ 60 ℃. When drying Kang, the key is to master the heat according to the degree of dryness and wetness of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, not only to prevent high temperature and urgent drying and baking, but also not to bake at low temperature for a long time, until the oil is stuffy and mildew.

Baking: the quality is hard, the appearance is darker (more raw sunburn), the cross section is slightly horny, there are cracks, slightly showing chrysanthemum pattern, most of the commodities in Zhejiang, Hunan and other places are processed as baking goods, which is the mainstream variety. The product obtained by sun-drying is raw sun-drying, and the fresh Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz can be dried repeatedly, but it takes a long time and should be anti-freezing. Because of the processing, it is already winter, so it is also known as Dongshu. But winter is easy to oil, not easy to preserve, there will be slices and then on the lime.

Tanning: the texture is waxy and soft, and the noodles are white or yellowish-white. This processing method is mostly used in Anhui, Hunan and East Zhejiang Yuyao, Ninghai, Xianju, Fenghua and other places.

Among the two commodities of baking and tanning, baking is the mainstream processing variety because it is easy to preserve and not easy to send oil, but it is often easy to have inner cavity, scorching and other quality problems due to the good quality of Kang drying technology. Although the raw sun is waxy and dense and oily, it is easy to produce oil because of the hot and humid storage environment, so it is not easy to preserve.