Cultivation Techniques of Hyoscyamus niger

Fairy aliases: scopolamine, scopolamine, toothache, small eggplant, rice jar, smoked teeth. It is the mature seed of one-to two-year-old herbs of Solanaceae. It has the effect of relieving spasm and relieving pain, calming nerves and calming pain. For stomach cramps, pain, wheezing cough, madness. Poisonous, licorice, cohosh, rhinoceros horn and can solve it. Distributed in Northeast, North China, Northwest and Shandong, Anhui, Henan, Sichuan, Xizang and other places.

Plant morphology

Annual and biennial herbs, up to 1m high. Glandular hairs reconstructed by gluing throughout the plant. The root is stout and fleshy. The stem of the annual plant is very short, with rosette leaves at the base, and the leaves are as long as 30cm and as wide as 10cm. The stem of biennial plant elongated and branched. Stems and leaves alternate, sessile, base semi-clasping; leaf blade ovate to triangular-ovate, 4-10cm long and 2-6cm wide, apex obtuse or acuminate, margin pinnately lobed or parted; leaves shallowly undulate toward the tip, pilose along veins except sticky glandular hairs on both surfaces. Flowers axillary, simple, 2-3 cm in diam.; calyx tube campanulate, 5-lobed, enlarged into altar-shaped after anthesis, with 10 longitudinal branches, outside erect white pilose; Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, yellow sac with pansy reticulate; stamens 5, inserted near middle of Corolla tube, slightly longer than Corolla; anthers longitudinally lobed, dark blue-purple; ovary 2-loculed, stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Capsule enclosed in persistent calyx, long ovoid, lid lobed at maturity. Seeds small, subdiscoid, yellowish brown, with many reticulate cavities. Flowering in May and fruiting in June.

Growth characteristics

Sex likes warm and humid climate, and the suitable temperature for growth is 20-30 ℃. It is not resistant to severe cold and likes sunshine. It is suitable for cultivation in neutral and slightly alkaline sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fat soil and good drainage. Avoid continuous cropping and should not take tomatoes and other Solanaceae plants as previous crops.

Sowing seeds

Direct seeding method: the sowing time in the north is from March to mid-April, and the Yangtze River Basin can be sowed in autumn or spring, mainly in autumn. Strip broadcast or hole broadcast.

Strip sowing: row spacing 30-40cm, open a shallow ditch, evenly sow the seeds, cover the soil, in order to cover the seeds.

Hole sowing: the distance from 30cm × 30cm or 40cm × 40cm is about 10, and it can be slightly suppressed after sowing. It should be in shallow water with sufficient soil temperature at 18-23 ℃. Seedlings emerge about 10 days after sowing, and one strong seedling is left in each hole. The sowing rate is 2-3 kg per mu.

Field management

Autumn sowers ploughed and weeded for 3 times. The first time is from November to December of that year, the second time is from February to March of the following year, and the third time is in April. Spring sowers ploughed once in the first and middle of April, late May and early June respectively. Medium ploughing should be shallow, topdressing once after ploughing in each hole, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, first light and then concentrated, first less and then more. The seed yield can be increased by applying 2% calcium phosphate solution extra-root topdressing twice during the flowering and fruit stage in early April and early May.

Pest control

Insect pests are red spiders, which occur in spring, can be controlled by chemicals, and pay attention to the selection of legumes, cotton, eggplant and so on.

Harvest and processing

Autumn sowing is in early June, spring sowing is in mid-July, and spring sowing is from August to September. When the lower pericarp is of common color and the upper seed is full and light yellow, cut it at the branch, put it in a ventilated place, and dry it after a week.