High-yield cultivation techniques of Poria cocos

Poria cocos, alias Yunling, pine Poria cocos, red Poria cocos, white Poria cocos, pine potatoes and so on. The sclerotia is used for medicine, which is beneficial to the infiltration of water, invigorating the spleen and middle, calming the heart and calming the mind. Clinical treatment of sputum edema, adverse urination, diarrhea, palpitation, vertigo and other diseases. The main producing areas are Anhui, Fujian, Hebei, Hubei, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces and regions.

The morphological characteristics are supine porophyte of Polyporaceae. Poria cocos show three different morphological characteristics at different developmental stages, namely, mycelium, sclerotia and fruiting body.

The main results are as follows: 1. Mycelium includes monokaryon and binucleate mycelium. Uninucleate mycelium, also known as primary mycelium, is formed by the germination of Poria cocos spores and exists only in the early stage of germination. Binuclear mycelium, also known as secondary mycelium, is the main form of mycelium, which is formed by the meeting of two uninucleate mycelia of different genders. The appearance of the mycelium is white fluffy and has a unique multi-concentric ring colony. Under the microscope, it can be seen that the mycelium is composed of many branched hyphae, the mycelium is divided into linear cells by the diaphragm, about 2-5 microns in width, and the lock-like union is often seen at the top.

2. A dormant body formed by the close accumulation of a large number of hyphae and nutrients. Spherical, ellipsoidal, oblate or irregular block; the small one weighs two, the big one weighs several jin, tens of jin; it is soft and easy to fold when fresh, and hard and not easy to break after drying. The outer layer of sclerotia is shell-like, rough and shrunken, light brown or brown when fresh, dark brown after drying, and white and light brown inside the skin. Under the microscope, the hyphae in the white part of the sclerotia were mostly in the shape of lotus root nodes or extruded clumps. There are slender and dense light brown hyphae near the skin.

3. The fruiting body is usually produced on the surface of sclerotia and occasionally on the aged mycelium. Honeycomb, varying in size, sessile procumbent, about 0.3-1 cm thick. It is white at first and becomes yellowish when it grows old. The seed layer is planted on the inner surface of the hole tube and is composed of a large number of burdens. The mature basidium produces 4 spores (basidiospores). Poria cocos spore gray-white, long oval or subcylindrical, with a crooked tip, 6 × 2.5-11 × 3.5 microns.

First, the growth habit of Poria cocos is an aerobic fungus, like warm and humid, sunny, ventilated environment. The suitable temperature for mycelial growth was 25-30 ℃. The suitable temperature for fruiting body growth is 24026 ℃. The relative humidity of the air is 700.85%. For soil requirements, it is better to have a deep, loose and fertile sandy loam. Heavy clay and salty land are not suitable for planting.

II. Seed production

1. The formula of mother culture medium: 250g potato (peeled), 50g sucrose, 20g Agar, 3g urea, 1000 ml water. The above formula was made into test tube bevel medium according to the conventional method. Under the aseptic condition, the tissue isolation method was used. Put a piece of white Poria cocos meat in the sclerotia of Poria cocos into the slope of the culture medium. The pure strain was formed when the mycelium was covered with the inclined surface after being cultured in the room for 25: 30 ℃ for 5 to 7 days.

2. The formula of original seed culture medium for original seed production is as follows: 55% pine block, 20% pine sawdust, 20% wheat bran (or wheat bran), 4% sucrose, 1% gypsum powder, and appropriate amount of water. Mix all the culture materials in the formula and pack them into 500ml wide-mouth bottles. The quantity is 4/5 of the bottle. Make a little compaction and make a ventilation hole in the center. It was sterilized after sealing with cotton plugs. When cooled to 30 ℃, the mother seed can be inserted into the culture medium in the bottle under aseptic condition. After sealing, carry on the culture, wait for the mycelium to grow all over the bottle, then get the original seed.

3. Cultivation species to make culture material formula: pine block 66%, pine sawdust 10%, wheat bran 21%, sucrose 3%, gypsum powder 1%, urea 0.4%, calcium superphosphate 1%, appropriate amount of water. Mix the above ingredients evenly, and the temperature is water sewn with fingers without dripping. Then put it into a 500ml wide-mouth bottle, seal it with Kraft paper and sterilize it. When the temperature of the bottle is reduced to 60 ℃, the original seed can be added to the ingredients under aseptic conditions. After inoculation, the culture bottle was moved to the culture room until the mycelium grew full of the whole bottle, the cultivated species were obtained.

Generally, 1 female seed can receive 5-8 bottles of original seed. One bottle of original seed can be used for 60-80 bottles of cultivated species. Poria cocos can be planted in 2 and 3 cellar in 1 bottle.

III. Material preparation and cellar digging

The cultivation of Poria cocos is mainly pine wood. Material preparation is usually carried out from October to December of the lunar calendar. After cutting down the pine tree, remove its branches, peel off the skin, and expose the xylem. Carry out drying treatment. Half a month later, it was cut into 80 centimeters of wood and piled into a hollow frame in the shape of "medium". After about 40 days, it can be vaccinated. Before inoculation, select a deep, loose, fertile, well-drained woodland (or raw wasteland) to dig a cellar that is 80 cm long, 45 cm wide and 30 cm deep. Dig drains around and wait for planting.

Fourth, plant in late March to early April, choose a sunny day, put the wood section into the cellar. Put 15kg to 20kg in each cellar. Then the pine fungus within the cultivated species was removed with tweezers and placed on the gap between the wood segments. 3-6 pieces of bacteria were released in each seam. And cover the fungus block with pine bark. Immediately cover 10 cm of soil and seal the top of the cellar into the shape of a tortoise to facilitate drainage. When inoculating, it can also be cut into 3 cm thick pieces of meat and affixed to the wood section.

Fifth, after the management of Poria cocos vaccination, human and animal trampling should be strictly prohibited. The mycelium growth was examined after 7 days. If it is found that the inoculation fails, it should be replanted immediately. At the same time, pay attention to watering to preserve soil moisture, overcast weather timely drainage. If there are any weeds, eradicate them immediately. The main disease of Poria cocos is rot. During prevention and control, Ling cellar is disinfected with lime (or other fungicides) before cultivation. If germs are found during the growth period, they should be harvested in advance. The pests are mainly black-winged termites, which can be killed with 60% arsenite and 40% talc powder.

Sixth, harvesting and processing Poria cocos are generally harvested one year after planting. The fresh Poria cocos harvested to remove impurities, put on the tripod, often turn, make it sweat, when the Poria cocos epidermis grow white hyphae, take out the brush to try clean, until the epidermis wrinkle into brown, place cool dry place to dry, that is, "individual Ling". Peel off the skin of Poria cocos with a knife, called Poria cocos skin. Poria cocos will be cut into pieces, and the red part under the skin is called red Poria cocos. The white, meticulous and solid part of sclerotia is white Poria cocos. White Poria cocos center has a wood heart called Poria cocos god.