Propagation and cultivation techniques of Cimicifuga

Cohosh prefers a warm and humid climate. The seedlings can survive the winter safely under the low temperature of-25 ℃. Fear of strong light in seedling stage, need sufficient light in flowering and fruiting stage, avoid soil drought, prefer slightly acidic or neutral humus soil, and grow poorly in alkaline or heavy clay. Choose the semi-shady and semi-sunny slope land with deep soil layer and rich humus or sandy loam flat land with good drainage at about 1000 meters above sea level. After selecting the land, the sundries in the field should be removed and the depth should be 30cm to 40cm. Apply base fertilizer, 1000-2000 kg per mu, break the clods, rake fine and level, make the border, the border is 20 cm high, the border width is 100-130 cm. The transplanting site can also be made into ridges with a width of 60 cm to 70 cm.

Reproduction method

Seed reproduction, seed harvesting and treatment: because the florescence of cohosh is long, the maturity time of seeds varies, the petals naturally crack when the fruit is ripe, and the seeds fall with the wind, so it is necessary to pick with ripening, when the fruit begins to turn yellow from green, the pericarp begins to dry, the ear is cut off when the petal is about to crack, the pericarp is all split after drying, the pericarp and impurities are removed, and the seeds can be sown in autumn after drying. If sowing in spring next year, the seeds will be stored in sand mixed with 1:3 fine sand, watered to keep moist, and stored outdoors at a low temperature. Note that the old seeds of the next year can not be selected in cultivation, because the seeds are dried and stored indoors for 2 months after harvest, the germination rate is less than 10%, and most of them can not germinate after one year of storage.

Sowing can be done in both spring and autumn, and spring is from late March to mid-April. When sowing, the furrow was opened along the border according to the row spacing of 20mur25 cm. The ditch was 4-5 cm deep. The seeds were evenly sown in the ditch, covered with fine soil 1.5-2 cm, slightly suppressed, watered once with a spray pot when the soil was dry, and covered with a layer of straw to moisturize the border. Autumn is from mid-October to early November, and the sowing method is the same as that in spring.

Sowing in spring, when the temperature is 15: 20 * (2: 00, 18-20 days), the seedlings can emerge, remove the straw on the border one by one, keep the seedbed soil moist, and water it with a spray can in the morning and evening in case of drought. For fear of strong light, the seedlings are shaded by a simple Reed curtain on the top of the border. When the seedlings were transplanted after growing for one year, the transplanting time was after the aboveground parts withered in autumn or before turning green in spring. In the whole field, according to the plant spacing of 30 cm, row spacing of 45 cm, hole depth of 15 cm, one seedling was planted in each hole, covered with 4 cm of top bud, and watered once after planting.

Field management should sprinkle water and keep warm when the climate is dry in spring, often loosen the soil and weed during the growing period, the biennial cohosh has less fruit, and the seed quality is poor. In order not to affect the growth of the rhizome, it is necessary to cut off the inflorescence at the initial stage of the flower bud and cultivate the soil properly before the rainy season from July to August. In case of drought, it is necessary to water in time, keep the soil moist, promote seedling growth, often plough and weed at the seedling stage, and hoe at a shallow depth to prevent damage to the rhizome. At the same time, combined with loosening soil and weeding, appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer was applied according to seedling growth from June to July. The 2-year-old cohosh has less fruit and poor seed quality. the inflorescence can be cut off at the early stage of flower bud to facilitate the growth of rhizome. From then on, it will be ploughed and weeded once or twice a year. Properly cultivate soil to the roots in the rainy season from July to August every year to prevent stagnant water. This is because most of the plants die because of root rot in the high temperature and rainy season in summer.

Pest control of cohosh diseases and insect pests is very few, only a small number of grubs, mainly damage to the rhizome, generally occurs in May to June, can be irrigated with 800 times 40% dimethoate EC for root control. The disease has gray leaf spot, which is harmful to leaves, which occurs from August to September. Bordeaux solution can be sprayed with 120 times of Bordeaux solution before the disease, and 65% zinc solution of 500 times can be used to prevent the disease at the initial stage of the disease.

The growth of cohosh cultivated by harvest and processing can be harvested for 4 years, and the harvest season is mainly in autumn. When harvesting, you should choose a sunny day, first cut off the withered branches, stems and leaves above ground, dig out the roots, remove the soil, wash them, use fire to remove the fibrous roots when the sun is 80% dry, and then dry them all to remove the epidermis and the remaining fibrous roots. Can be packed in gunny bags, about 20kg each, stored in a dry and ventilated place.