High-yield cultivation techniques of Magnolia officinalis

Magnolia officinalis, alias Sichuan Magnolia, Wenpu, Oil Magnolia, concave leaf Magnolia, and so on. It is a woody plant of Magnolia of Magnoliaceae. Deciduous trees. The bark, root and branch bark are used as medicine, which has the effects of regulating qi in temperature, dispersing accumulation, drying and dampening, and so on. Clinical symptoms include fullness of wrists and abdomen, vomiting, chest fullness, chest fullness, summer heat and dampness, yellow urine, diarrhea, dysentery, asthma cough and so on. The flower bud is used as medicine, which has the effect of regulating qi and dissolving dampness, and mainly treats chest and wrist distension and fullness. Main producing areas: Chuanpu is mainly produced in Sichuan, Hubei, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces; Wenpu is mainly produced in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Anhui, Henan and other provinces.

Morphological characteristics

1. Magnolia deciduous trees, up to 15 meters high; bark thick, purple-brown, oily and spicy; branches stout, spreading, young branches yellowish, with silky hairs; terminal bud large, narrow ovate-conical, 4-5 cm long. Leaves leathery, Obovate or Obovate, 20-45 cm long and 10-24 cm wide, apex rounded, obtuse or shortly pointed, base cuneate or rounded, entire or microwave-like, with white powder below; petiole 2.5-4.5 cm long. Flowers and leaves open at the same time, solitary on top of young branches, white, fragrant, ca. 15 cm in diam.; tepals 9-12 or more. Aggregate fruit long elliptic-ovate, ca. 12 cm long. 2. The main differences between Magnolia officinalis and Magnolia officinalis are as follows: the bark is thin and light brown, the leaves are narrowly Obovate, and the tip is concave into two obtuse round shallow lobes.

First, the growth habits of Magnolia officinalis prefer a cool, moist, sunny environment. Requirements for soil: loose and fertile. The sandy loam rich in organic matter is the best. I'm afraid of flooding. Heavy clay and poor growth in saline-alkali soil.

Second, select fields with high terrain and good drainage for soil preparation and fertilization, and cultivate them carefully. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make a high bed and wait for sowing.

Third, sowing Magnolia officinalis is mainly propagated by seeds. It can also be propagated by cutting. Sowing time is divided into winter sowing and spring sowing. Raising seedlings: before sowing, soak the seeds in clean water for 48 hours and then remove the aril from the outer layer of red lipid with coarse sand to improve the germination rate. Then sow the seeds on the finished border according to the row spacing of 30cm. Water to preserve soil moisture to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The sowing rate is 10 kilograms per mu. After the seedlings are collected, the field management should be strengthened and the seedlings can be transplanted after 2-3 years of cultivation. Cutting propagation: before germination in early spring, 1-2-year-old robust branches are selected, cut into 20 cm cuttings, and the lower end is cut into a horseear-shaped slope. Every 50 sticks into a bundle, soak in 500ppm rooting powder solution for 10 seconds, take out slightly cool, according to the row spacing of 10 × 5 cm obliquely inserted into the whole border surface, and the use of small bow shed seedling technology to facilitate survival. Strengthen the field management, cultivate 1mi for 2 years, and then transplant. Transplanting: Magnolia officinalis is mixed with Cunninghamia lanceolata to reduce diseases and insect pests. When transplanting, Magnolia officinalis seedlings were planted on the whole border surface according to the row spacing of 3 × 2, and watered to preserve soil moisture in order to survive.

Fourth, field management of Magnolia officinalis after seedling or transplanting, attention should be paid to ploughing and weeding. Watering in time in dry weather and immediate drainage in overcast and rainy weather, topdressing 20 kg of urea, 50 kg of phosphorus and potash fertilizer and 2000 kg of soil fertilizer per mu every spring. Magnolia officinalis grew slowly in the past few years, so it can be properly intercropped with some short-term crops to increase income. In order to increase the yield of trees more than 15 years old, the bark is obliquely cut 3 times with a sharp knife in spring, reaching to the xylem, which can increase the thickness of the bark and increase the yield.

Fifth, the main diseases of Magnolia officinalis are root rot, which can be irrigated with 1500 times solution at the initial stage of the disease. In the early stage of the disease, the leaf blight was prevented and treated with 1-1-1-1-1-100 Bordeaux solution. The main pests are brown longicorn beetles, and the control methods are as follows: 1, the trunk brushing white coating in winter to prevent adults from laying eggs; 2, soaking 80% dichlorvos solution with cotton into the main hole and fumigating larvae.

Harvesting and processing Magnolia officinalis can be harvested and peeled 25 years after transplanting. Magnolia officinalis was collected by ring peeling method from May to June. It can be dried or dried immediately and then sold in medicine. Magnolia officinalis is picked from March to April when the buds are ready to bloom. Boil the picked buds in a steamer for 5 minutes, take them out, dry them or dry them in the sun, and then sell them as medicine.