High-yield cultivation techniques of Gardenia jasminoides

Gardenia, alias yellow gardenia, gardenia, red gardenia, mountain branches, yellow fruit trees and so on. Fruit for medicinal purposes, there are fire in addition to trouble, clearing heat and dampness, cooling blood detoxification effect. Indications: fever upset, liver fire red eyes, damp-heat jaundice, yellow urine short, blood-heat vomiting, hematuria, icteric hepatitis, cholecystitis, pyelonephritis, heat-toxic sores and faba disease; external treatment of bruise caused by blood stasis pain, etc. The main producing areas are Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and other provinces.

Morphological characteristics of rubiaceae gardenia evergreen shrubs, usually about 1 meter high. Leaves opposite or 3-whorled, shortly stalked; leaf blade leathery, often widely variable in shape and size, usually elliptic or obovate, apex acuminate, slightly obtuse, shiny above, short hairs clustered only in axils of lower veins; ocrea sheath-like. Flowers large, white, bisexual, aromatic, shortly pedunculated, solitary branch apex; calyx 2-3 cm in length, lobes 5-7, strip-lanceolate, generally slightly longer than tube, corolla salverform, tube generally 3-4 cm long, lobes obovate to oblanceolate, spreading, anthers exposed. Fruit yellow, ovate to oblong, 5-9 winged straight ribs, 1-loculed; seeds many, embedded in fleshy placentas.

First, the growth habits of gardenia hi warm, sunny environment. The soil requirements are not strict, but it is better to have a deep soil layer and a loam rich in organic matter. Saline-alkali soil, heavy clay is not suitable for planting.

Second, the land and fertilizer selection of high terrain, good drainage of the field, intensive cultivation. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer: 3000 kg of miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make 1.5 meters wide high bed, waiting for sowing.

Third, seed gardenia seed propagation mainly, but also cuttage propagation and subplant propagation. Sowing dates are spring and autumn. Seed propagation will gardenia seeds by row spacing 25 cm evenly sown into the whole good ridge surface, watering moisture preservation, in order to facilitate emergence. Sowing rate 3 kg per mu. After the seedlings are complete, the field management is strengthened, and the seedlings can be transplanted after one year of cultivation. Cutting propagation Cut 1~2 years old strong branches, cut into 20 cm cuttings, every 50 roots into a bundle, dip the lower end into 500ppm rooting powder solution for 15 seconds, after cooling slightly, insert them into the whole bed surface according to the row spacing of 10×7 cm, water to preserve moisture, so as to facilitate seedling emergence. Strengthen field management and transplant after one year of cultivation. Plant division propagation will be gardenia plant on the root tiller seedlings, cut off with roots from the mother plant, another transplant can be. Transplanting gardenia seedlings according to the row spacing of 1.5×1.2 meters planted on the whole bed surface, watering to preserve moisture, in order to survive.

IV. Field management After gardenia seedlings, attention should be paid to intertillage and weeding, watering in time in dry weather, and draining immediately in rainy weather. Gardenia growth period every year to topdressing once: 3000 kg per mu soil fertilizer, urea 20 kg, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 50 kg. Because Gardenia is easy to drop flowers and fruits, it can be sprayed with 0.15ppm gibberellin or 10ppm II in full bloom. Add four drops of 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture. Once every half month, spray twice. At the same time, in the growth process of gardenia trees, gardenia trees are pruned into natural open type with round crown and hollow interior, sparse branches, ventilation and light transmission, so as to achieve the purpose of high yield.

5. Control of diseases and insect pests. Spray 50% carbendazim 800 times solution at the early stage of disease. Once every 7 days, spray 3 times. Gardenia yellowing disease can be treated with 0.3% ferrous sulfate, borax and zinc sulfate spray at the initial stage of disease. Insect pests are mainly coffee transparent wing moth larvae bite slightly flower buds, can be in the bud stage, early flowering, young fruit stage, ripe stage with 90% trichlorfon 1000 times spray control. Scale insects and aphids were sprayed with 40% dimethoate.

6. Harvest and processing Gardenia fruit is generally transplanted for 3 years. When the peel is red and yellow from November to December, it is picked on sunny days. The picked fruit is dried or dried in time, and can be sold as medicine. The drying rate is 30%. 8 - 10 years old trees, each bearing 2 kg fruit.