High-yield cultivation techniques of Forsythia suspensa

Forsythia, alias Lianshu, Qingqiao, Luoqiao, Huanghua Tiao, Lianzhao, Huang Qidan and so on. The fruit is used in medicine, which has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification, dispersing knots and detumescence, diuresis and expelling stones. It mainly treats febrile cold, carbuncle, sore furuncle, erysipelas, cervical lymphatic tuberculosis, urinary tract infection, acute and chronic tonsillitis, allergic purpura, macular rash, acute nephritis, renal tuberculosis and so on. Modern pharmacological studies show that forsythol contained in forsythia shell has inhibitory effect on dysentery bacilli, typhoid bacilli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Diplococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The oleanolic acid contained in forsythia shell has cardiotonic and diuretic effects, and forsythia decoction has antiemetic effect. The main producing areas are Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Gansu, Ningxia, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces and regions.

The morphological feature is that Forsythia suspensa of Oleaceae is a deciduous shrub with a height of 2-3 meters. The stems are tufted, the branches are slender, spreading or drooping, and take root on the ground. The branchlets are slightly quadrangular, hollow in the internodes, and have solid pith only at the nodes. The surface is light brown and the lenticels are obvious. Leaves simple, opposite or occasionally 3-foliolate, leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate, 1.5-4.5 cm long and 1.2-2.5 cm wide, glabrous, apex acute or obtuse, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly serrate. Flowers one to several, axillary, calyx basally United to form a tube, upper 4-parted, Corolla yellow, about 3 cm in diameter, lobes 4, ovoid, often with orange stripes in the Corolla tube. Stamens 2, inserted at base of Corolla, style slender, stigma 2-lobed. The capsule is narrowly ovate, slightly flat, woody, with scattered tumor spots outside, and bifid like a bird's mouth when mature. Seeds numerous, brown flattened, thinly winged on one side, askew.

First, the growth habit of Forsythia suspensa likes a warm, dry, sunny environment, cold tolerance, drought tolerance, avoid waterlogging. The requirement of soil is not strict, but the sandy soil which is deep, loose and fertile and rich in organic matter is better.

Second, land preparation and fertilization select fields with high topography and good drainage or slopes facing the wind and sun, and cultivate them carefully. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. It is then made into a high bed, 1.5 meters wide. Waiting to sow seeds.

Third, sowing forsythia suspensa with seed propagation and cutting propagation. It can also be propagated in separate plants and striped. The sowing time is spring sowing. Before seed propagation and sowing, the seeds were spread evenly into a shallow ditch with a spacing of 20 cm on the finished border surface, and then raked flat to make the soil cover without seeds and water to preserve soil moisture to facilitate seedling emergence. The sowing rate is 2.5 kg per mu. After the seedlings are collected, pay attention to the field management and transplant after one year of cultivation. Cutting propagation selected 1-2-year-old sturdy branches, cut into 30 cm long cuttings, each segment must have 3 nodes, the lower end was cut into a horse ear-shaped slope, each 50 into a bundle, soaked in 500 p p m rooting powder solution for 10 seconds, take out a little cool, can be cut on the finished border surface according to the row spacing of 30 × 10 cm. Watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive. Strengthen the field management after survival, and transplant after one year of cultivation. The ramet propagated from March to April, and the mother plant was bent and pressed into the soil and scratched in the soil to make it take root and form seedlings. The mother plant was cut off in early spring and planted separately. After transplanting, the forsythia seedlings were planted on the whole border according to the row spacing of 2 x 1.5 meters (222 plants per mu) and watered to preserve soil moisture in order to survive. Forsythia is a self-flowering sterile plant of the same plant, and the seed setting rate of self-pollination is very low, accounting for about 4%. If long-style or short-style Forsythia suspensa is cultivated alone, it will not bear fruit, so the plants with long and short styles should be planted alternately in order to blossom and bear fruit. This is the key to increasing production.

Fourth, field management should pay attention to ploughing and weeding after Forsythia suspensa seedlings are completed or planted and survived. Timely watering in dry weather and immediate drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. Combined with ploughing and weeding, topdressing once a year: 15 kg of urea, 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 3000 kg of soil fertilizer per mu. In the growth process of Forsythia suspensa, but also to carry out shaping and pruning, the tree will be arranged into a low flat low crown, hollow and round, ventilated and transparent. A natural happy tree with sparse branchlets. At the same time, the withered branches, overlapping branches, cross branches, slender branches, long branches, disease and insect branches will be cut off every winter. During the growth period, we should also carry out appropriate thinning and deletion.

Fifth, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests use syringes to inject phoxim solution into the wormhole to kill. The disease was controlled according to the conventional method.

Harvest and processing forsythia suspensa blossom and bear fruit 3 ~ 4 years after transplanting. Generally, before and after Frosts Descent, when the fruit changes from green to yellow, it can be harvested. The recovered fruit, sun-drying, removal of impurities and seeds will become commercial yellow forsythia. Qingqiao is the immature cyan fruit harvested from August to September, boiled in water or steamed in cage for half an hour, and then dried in the sun. The seed is called forsythia core.