High-yield cultivation techniques of Lycium barbarum

Wolfberry fruit, alias west wolfberry, mountain wolfberry, white thorn needle, thorn fruit and so on. The fruit is used as medicine to nourish liver and kidney, benefit essence and improve eyesight. Indications of liver and kidney yin deficiency, deficiency of essence and blood, soreness of waist and knees, vision loss, dizziness and other symptoms. Root bark is called cortex lycium radicis. It has the effect of dehumidifying and cooling blood, tonifying healthy qi and lowering lung fire. It is mainly used for treating tuberculosis, low fever, bone steaming, night sweats, pulmonary heat hemoptysis, hypertension, diabetes and other diseases. Modern pharmacological research shows that: medlar has anti-cancer, hypoglycemic, blood pressure, vasodilation, prevention of atherosclerosis formation, cholesterol reduction role. The main producing areas are Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Hebei, ** and other provinces. But the quality of Zhongning and Zhongwei in Ningxia is the best.

Morphological characteristics for the Solanaceae wolfberry is an upright deciduous shrub, generally 1.5-2 meters high, trunk base diameter 6-10 cm. Bark strip-shaped furrows, gray black or gray. The tree crown is umbrella-shaped and the crown diameter is generally 2-2.5 meters. Winter bud is small, by have a few bud scale, fruiting branch length 20-80 centimeters, the fruiting branch of that year is ashen white, bluish gray or bluish yellow;2 years old fruiting branch is ashen brown or ashen white, branch-shaped arc hangs, have needle. Leaves lanceolate, strip-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, entire, main veins obvious and lateral veins invisible. Leaves 4 - 12 cm long, 0 wide. 8-2 3 cm, shortly stalked, clustered, current year branches simple and alternate. Flower clusters borne in leaf axils. The bud eye is an extremely short lateral branch, so the leaves and flowers germinated are several clusters. Corolla purplish red, tubular, tip 5-lobed, lobes rounded tongue shaped, imbricate; corolla tube 0.8-1 cm long, petals 0.5-0.6 cm deep. Calyx green, campanulate, 0.6-1 cm long, mostly 2-lipped. The flower stalk is thin and 1-2 cm long. Stamens 5, pistil 1, stigma capitate, 2-lobed, ovary superior, 2-loculed, embryo plant numerous. Berry, bright red, orange red or orange yellow when ripe. Contains 20-50 seeds, yellow or brown seeds, seed coat bone, more flat kidney shape, small.

First, the growth habits of wolfberry like cool, dry, sunny environment, like water and fertilizer. The soil requirements are not strict, but it is good to have a deep, loose and fertile sandy soil rich in organic matter. Cold tolerance, drought tolerance, salt tolerance.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization select high terrain, good drainage of the field intensive cultivation. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer: 3000 kg of miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make high beds and wait for sowing.

Third, sowing wolfberry seed propagation, but also cuttage propagation and tillering propagation. Sowing period is mainly spring sowing, but also summer sowing and autumn sowing. After the seeds are propagated to maturity of medlar, the collected fine seeds are washed clean and mixed with 3 times of wet sand, put into a wooden box for germination, and sowed on the whole bed surface according to rows of 20 cm in spring. Water preservation, to facilitate emergence. 0.5 kg per mu. After the seedlings are complete, the field management is strengthened, and the seedlings can be transplanted after one year of cultivation. 1~2 years old thick branches are selected for cuttage propagation, cut into 20 cm long cuttings, tied into small bundles, the lower part is soaked in 500ppm rooting powder solution for 10 seconds, slightly cooled, and the cuttings are cut on the whole bed surface according to the row spacing of 15×10 cm, watered to preserve moisture, so as to facilitate survival. After survival, strengthen field management, and transplant after one year of cultivation. Tillering propagation: dig out the tiller seedlings around the rhizosphere of matrimony vine, and plant them separately. Transplanting in early autumn or early spring, planting wolfberry seedlings on the whole ridge surface according to the row spacing of 2×2 meters (166 plants/mu), watering to preserve moisture, so as to facilitate survival.

IV. Field management: after wolfberry seedlings are complete or transplanted, attention should be paid to intertillage and weeding, watering in time in dry weather and drainage immediately in rainy weather. Fertilization once a year in March: 3000 kg of miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. In the growth process of wolfberry trees, shaping and pruning should be carried out to cultivate the tree into a high-yield tree with stable skeleton, round crown, ventilation and light transmission, and layered trunk. In order to increase income and achieve the purpose of short growth, short-term crops such as medicinal materials and vegetables can be properly interplanted in the first few years after transplantation.

Five, pest control anthracnose (black fruit disease), can be used in the early stage of the disease with 80% Tuijunte 1000 times liquid spray control. Once every 7 days, spray 3 times. Gray spot disease can be controlled by spraying 65% mancozeb 500 times solution at the initial stage of disease. Once every 7 days, spray 3 times. At the early stage of root rot disease, 50% carbendazim 1500 times solution was used to irrigate the disease area. Pests mainly have small cutworm, grubs, moth, etc., available phoxim with bait trap.

6. Harvest and processing Lycium barbarum L. seeds bear fruit 2~3 years after planting, enter the peak fruit stage after 5 years, decrease year by year after 30 years, and enter the senescence stage after 40 years. From June to November of each year, the fruit is picked in time after turning from green to red. The picked fresh fruits can be sold as medicine after being dried or dried. The drying rate is about 25%. Cortex Lycii is to dig out the underground roots, cut into 10 cm pieces, extract the wood core, dry into commodities.