High-yielding cultivation techniques of Amomum villosum

Amomum villosum, alias Amomum villosum, Amomum villosum Is a perennial herb of Zingiberaceae. The use of fruits and seeds in medicine has the effects of invigorating qi, warming the middle, invigorating the stomach and calming the fetus. Clinical treatment of stomach acid pain, loss of appetite and other diseases. The main producing areas are Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Fujian and other provinces and regions.

Morphological characteristics

1. Amomum villosum perennial herb, 1.2-2 meters high. Rhizome Terete, transverse, articulate, with sheathlike scales on nodes; stem erect, unbranched. Leaves distichous, sessile, leaf blade lanceolate, apex with caudate apiculate, base attenuate, entire, both surfaces glabrous or sometimes with puberulent hairs below; ligule 2-3 mm long, brownish red or sometimes green; sunken square reticulation can be seen on leaf sheath. Spikes grow on short scape drawn from the rhizome. Total pedicel 4-6 cm; tepals white, labellum white with yellow, red, and purple spots. Capsule indehiscent, globose or oblong, ca. 5 cm in diam., with unbranched soft spines, brownish red when ripe; seeds numerous, extremely aromatic.

2. The external morphology of the variety is very similar, except that the bud and ligule at the apex of the rhizome are more green, and the fruit is also green when ripe.

3. Hainan sand plant height 1-1.5 m, leaf blade linear-lanceolate, stipitate, stalk 0.5 cm long, apex long tail tip, base cuneate, both sides glabrous; ligule 2-4.5 cm long, brown, membranous, glabrous. Spikes smaller than sand, ellipsoid; calyx slightly smaller than sand; capsule ovoid, ca. 0.8-1.2 cm in diameter, lamellate, branched with short soft spines; seeds irregularly lumpy.

First, the growth habit of Amomum villosum likes high temperature and humidity, half-yin and half-yang environment. Afraid of drought and cold. The flowering period is from April to June and the fruiting period is from August to October. The requirement of soil is not strict, it is better to use loam or clay.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization selection of deep, loose and fertile, half-shaded and half-sunny back sloping land, intensive cultivation. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make a 1.5-meter-high bed and wait for sowing.

Third, sowing Amomum villosum to propagate with seeds and separate plants. The sowing time is autumn sowing or spring sowing. Spring sowing before and after the Qingming Festival, autumn sowing around Frosts Descent. In seed propagation, the seeds of Amomum villosum were sown on the whole border according to the row spacing of 20 x 20 cm. Watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive. The seedlings can emerge in about 20 days. After completing the seedlings, strengthen the field management. When the seedlings are 50 cm high, they are transplanted on the whole border surface according to the row spacing of 1 x 1 meters, and water to preserve soil moisture in order to survive. In split propagation, the tender rhizomes of 1 Mel and 2 nodes on excellent plants were selected as seedlings, planted on the whole border surface according to the row spacing of 1 x 1 m, and watered to preserve soil moisture in order to survive.

Fourth, after the seedlings of Amomum villosum are collected in the field management, attention should be paid to ploughing and weeding. Watering immediately in dry weather and timely drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. Topdressing once a year: 3000 kg of soil fertilizer, 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. For the second time, a layer of soil fertilizer was sprinkled on the border in winter to prevent cold and keep warm. Amomum villosum prefers semi-shady and semi-sunny environment, in addition to selecting suitable fields, artificial pollination or introduction of insect pollination should be adopted to increase the yield of Amomum villosum. The use of chemical pesticides is strictly prohibited during flowering.

5. the main diseases of Amomum villosum are seedling leaf spot and seedling anthracnose, which can be sprayed with 1000 solution of 50% topiramate or 80% anthrax at the initial stage of the disease. During the occurrence period, the Fuji No.1 was sprayed with 600 times liquid.

Harvest and processing Amomum villosum can be harvested when the fruit is purple-red and the seeds are brown-black after autumn. After harvest, put it in the drying room and bake it with 90 Mel 100 ℃ for 3 hours. After it is cooled, the fruit shrinks, and then dried with 80 ℃, it can be sold as medicine.