High-yield cultivation techniques of Prunus mume

Wumei, alias sour plum, plum, green plum, white plum, plum, Huangzi and so on. For medicinal use, it has the effects of collecting lungs and relieving cough, astringent intestines and diarrhea, and stomach ascaris, Shengjin and thirst, solid collapse and hemostasis and so on. It mainly treats lung deficiency and chronic cough, hematochezia, hematuria, collapse and leakage, deficiency heat and thirst, Ascaris syncope abdominal pain, vomiting and so on. External use can treat vitiligo and corns. The main producing areas are Fujian, Sichuan, Hunan, Zhejiang and other provinces.

Morphological characteristics

It is a small deciduous tree of the cherry genus of Rosaceae, up to 10 meters high. Bark grayish, much branched. Leaves alternate; petiolate, usually glandular; upper petiole on shoots with 2 linear stipules at base, stipules margin irregularly sharply serrate; leaf blade ovate to oblong-ovate, 4-9 cm long and 2.4-4 cm wide, apex long caudate, base broadly cuneate, margin sharply serrate, with yellowish brown hairs along the back of veins. Flowers solitary or 2-fascicled, white or pink, fragrant, usually first leaves open with short pedicels; bracts scalelike, brown; calyx tube campanulate, lobes 5, base connate with receptacle; petals single or double, usually 5, broadly Obovate, stamens numerous, arising from margin of receptacle; stamens 1, ovary densely hairy, style slender, curved. Drupe globose, ca. 2-3 cm in diam., shallowly grooved on one side.

First, the growth habit of Wumei is warm, humid, sunny, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, afraid of waterlogging, and lax on the soil, but it is better to have a deep, loose and fertile sandy loam. Heavy clay, saline-alkali land, not suitable for planting.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization select fields with high terrain and good drainage for intensive cultivation. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make a 1.5-wide high bed and wait for sowing.

Third, sowing black plum can be propagated with seeds, and it can also be propagated by grafting and cutting. Seed propagation: the seeds must be treated before sowing, and the collected seeds will be piled up and rotted in June. After about 10 days, they will be taken out and washed clean in running water. It was soaked in human urine for 15 days half a month before broadcast. Then remove and rinse the urine and sow the seeds. The sowing time can be winter sowing and spring sowing. Before sowing, the black plum seeds can be placed in the soil according to the row spacing of 25 × 10 cm. Water to preserve soil moisture to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The sowing rate is 50 kilograms per mu. Grafting propagation: the rootstock uses apricot and plum seedlings of 1 ~ 2 years, and the scion uses the vegetative branch of Wumei which has blossomed and bearing fruit and excellent varieties. Directly in the early spring, the T-shaped connection method can be used. Cutting propagation: after the Autumn Equinox or early spring flowering, cut 1-year-old stout branches, cut into about 20 cm cuttings, each with 3 nodes. Cut it into a horseear-shaped slope at the proximal node of the lower end, tie it into a bundle every 50 roots, and soak the lower slope with 500PPM rooting powder (ABT) or acetic acid (NAA) solution for 2 cm for 10 seconds. Transplanting: before sprouting in early spring, the black plum seedlings were planted in the field according to the row spacing of 3 × 2 meters. Watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive.

4. after the black plum is planted and survived, attention should be paid to ploughing and weeding, frequent watering in dry weather and timely drainage in overcast and rainy weather. After fruit harvest from May to June, topdressing should be done once: 10 kg of urea and 50 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu. Topdressing soil and miscellaneous fertilizer once in winter. In the process of the growth of the black plum tree, in order to increase its yield, it should be shaped and pruned into a natural happy tree with open crown, outer circle and inner cavity, firm skeleton, low crown and high yield. In order to increase income and achieve the goal of short growth, crops with short and short growing periods can be properly intercropped between plants and rows in the first few years after planting.

Fifth, pest control black plum main diseases and insect pests are anthracnose, can be used in the initial stage of the disease with 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid spray control. Spray once every 7 days, three times in a row. And cut off the diseased branches and dead branches when pruning in winter. The main pests are longicorn beetles, which can be killed by dipping dichlorvos with cotton balls and stuffing them into wormholes. Aphids are controlled with aldicarb.

6. harvest and process the seedlings of Prunus mume for 6-7 years and the grafted seedlings for 2-3 years. Ten years later, it entered the full fruiting period. It can be picked when the pericarp turns bluish yellow from May to June. Shake the fresh fruit in a bamboo basket, remove its fluff, wash it with clean water, dry it or dry it, and remove its core to form black plum meat. The 10-15-year-old black plum tree can produce 50 li 100 kg of fruit per tree.