High-yield cultivation techniques of patchouli

Patchouli, alias patchouli, pai vanilla, mountain mint, wild patchouli and so on. The whole grass is used for medicinal purposes. It has the effects of clearing heat and relieving summer heat, gasifying dampness, invigorating stomach and stopping vomiting. Clinical treatment of cold, vomiting and diarrhea, chest tightness, headache and other diseases. The patchouli oil extracted from it is the raw material for the manufacture of many kinds of proprietary Chinese medicines. It is distributed in the north and south of our country.

The morphological characteristics are annual herbs of Labiatae. Perennial erect herbs. The plant is 0.5-1.5 meters high and has fragrance. Leaves opposite, petiole 1-cm long; leaf blade cordate-ovate to rectangular-shaped-circular-lanceolate, margin with obtuse teeth. Verticillate inflorescences gather into terminal spikes; Corolla purplish blue, upper lip retuse, lower lip 3-lobed. Nutlets ovate-short orbicular. The flowering period is from June to July and the fruiting period is from July to August.

First, the growth habit of patchouli prefers a warm, humid, sunny environment. The requirement of soil is not strict, but it is better to use loam which is deep, loose and fertile and rich in organic matter. Saline-alkali land, heavy clay and low-lying land are not suitable for planting.

Second, select fields suitable for growth by soil preparation and fertilization, and cultivate them carefully. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make beds and wait for sowing.

Third, sow patchouli and propagate with seeds. Direct seeding is often used, and seedlings can also be raised and transplanted. The sowing time is spring sowing and autumn sowing. Spring sowing before and after the Qingming Festival, autumn sowing around Frosts Descent. In direct seeding, the seeds of patchouli were sown on the whole border according to the row spacing of 30 × 25 cm. Water to preserve soil moisture to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The sowing rate is 1 kilogram per mu. The seeds of patchouli are scattered evenly on the surface of the border to ease the surface of the soil, so that there are no seeds under the soil cover. Water to preserve soil moisture to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. After gathering the seedlings, strengthen the field management. The seedlings can be transplanted when they are 15 cm high. The sowing rate is 2 kg per mu. After transplanting, the seedlings of Herba Epimedii were planted on the whole border according to the row spacing of 30 × 25 cm. 3 plants were planted in each hole. Watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive.

Fourth, field management of patchouli seedlings or after transplanting survived, attention should be paid to ploughing and weeding, frequent watering in dry weather and timely drainage in overcast and rainy weather. Before and after the closure, fertilizer should be applied once: 20 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate each time.

The main diseases of patchouli are spot blight and Fusarium wilt, which can be controlled with 65% mancozeb before the disease and 50% carbendazim at the initial stage of the disease. Pests, including red spiders, can be controlled by Sanfangling. The larva of Spodoptera litura bites on leaves and can be killed with permethrin. Underground pests are trapped and killed with octane scales and poison bait.

Sixth, harvest and processing patchouli is generally harvested in full bloom. When harvested, the whole plant of patchouli is planted and cut off, dried in the sun and sold in medicine. The south can be harvested twice a year. The yield is 300 to 500 kilograms per mu. Take the body dry, the leaf is many, the fragrance is thick as the good product.