High-yield cultivation techniques of Cornus officinalis

Cornus officinalis, alias jujube peel, medicinal jujube, cornus meat and so on. The pulp is used for medicine, which has the effect of tonifying liver and kidney, astringent essence and sweat. It mainly treats waist and knee soreness, tinnitus, vertigo, impotence, spermatorrhea, spontaneous sweating, night sweats, urination frequency, neurasthenia, menorrhagia and so on. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Cornus officinalis has the functions of anti-cancer and anti-HIV. The main producing areas are Henan, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shaanxi, Shanxi and other provinces.

Morphological characteristics of the Cornaceae deciduous trees or shrubs, 4-10 meters high, grayish brown bark. Leaves opposite, ovate to long elliptic, petiole 5-7 mm long, with yellowish brown hairs when young. Umbels: first leaves open, clustered at top of branchlets, involucral bracts 4, flowers bisexual, yellow, sepals broadly triangular, petals ligulate or lanceolate, stamens 4, alternate with petals, ovary inferior, usually one-loculed. Drupe oval, red to purplish red when ripe, shiny, exocarp leathery, mesocarp fleshy, endocarp hard woody.

First, the growth habit of Cornus officinalis likes warm and humid environment. It is cold-resistant and can grow normally when the temperature is-10-35 ℃. The requirement of soil is not strict, but it is better to cultivate sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and rich organic matter. Heavy clay, saline-alkali land, low-lying land, not suitable for planting.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization to select high-lying, well-drained fields, intensive cultivation, combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 5000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. And made a bed 1.3 meters wide, waiting to be planted.

Third, planting Cornus officinalis can be divided into two steps: seedling raising and transplanting. The sowing time of seedling is winter sowing or spring sowing. The seeds need to be treated before sowing. There are two methods: 1. The seeds of Cornus officinalis were soaked in mature human feces and urine for 20 days, mixed with grass ash, mixed with wet sand according to the ratio of 1 ∶ 2, and put into the pit dug in advance to accelerate germination. After 3-4 months, 50% of the seeds can be taken out and sown when they break their mouths and sprout. 2. Drug treatment: the seeds of Cornus officinalis were soaked in a water tank for 3 to 4 days according to the proportion of 50 grams of bleach per 100 jin of seeds and stirred frequently. When the endocarp of the seed turns white, it can be fished out, washed away, mixed with plant ash to sow. When sowing, sow the seeds evenly into the soil according to the row spacing of 20 cm, and water them to preserve soil moisture to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The sowing rate is 40 kg per mu. After gathering the seedlings, strengthen the field management. It can be transplanted after two years of cultivation. Grafting with grafted seedlings can bear fruit 6 ~ 7 years earlier than that of seedling cultivation. Greatly shorten the production cycle, early and high yield. Therefore, we had better use grafted seedlings to plant Cornus officinalis. The methods of grafting are bud grafting and branch grafting. Budding usually takes place from July to September. The "T" shape bud grafting method was adopted. It was carried out directly from February to March. The cut-off method was used. The seedlings of fine varieties are used in the grafting. Scion buds are disease-free and pest-free, have borne fruit, and are growing sturdily on the branches or buds of the mother tree. The key to successful grafting is to choose a suitable period, the cutting surface of the scion should be smooth, and the scion should be aligned with the cambium on one side of the wood cut. The seedlings of Cornus officinalis growing for 2 years or grafted seedlings were planted on the finished border according to the row spacing of 3 X 2 m or 2 X 2 m. Watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive. Plant 130,150 trees per mu.

Fourth, field management after transplanting dogwood survived, attention should be paid to ploughing and weeding. Pay attention to watering in dry weather, overcast and rainy weather, timely drainage. A few years before planting, some low-stem crops can be properly intercropped, such as peanut, soybean, Radix Isatidis, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz and so on. In order to increase the income, improve the land utilization rate, and achieve the goal of short-term growth. A layer of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer should be applied every winter, and 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to intercropping annual crops in spring. In order to achieve the goal of early flowering and fruiting, high and stable yield of adult trees, and renewal and rejuvenation of old trees. The dogwood tree must also be pruned. According to the habit of short fruit branches and short fruit branches of Cornus officinalis, as well as the characteristics of strong germination and weak branching ability. The tree type of pruning Cornus officinalis into natural happy shape and trunk hierarchical shape is suitable for high yield of Cornus officinalis.

5. Grey plaster disease can be controlled with 1 ∶ 1 ∶ Bordeaux solution at the initial stage of the disease. Anthrax is prevented and treated with 50% carbendazim 800 times solution at the initial stage of the disease. Fruit-eating moth, which eats flesh with larvae, can be sprayed with permethrin in the peak period of Eclosion.

6. harvesting and processing Cornus officinalis generally blossom and bear fruit 8 ~ 10 years after transplanting. The fruit ripens from late September to early October and is picked when the pericarp is bright red. Boil the collected fruit in boiling water for 5 minutes. The fruit expands and softens, and the nuclear energy of the fruit slips out quickly. Then fish it out and put it in cold water, squeeze the core while it is hot, dry it or dry it, and then it can be sold as medicine. Can also use steam method, fire baking method to process Cornus officinalis. In general, the yield per mu can reach 150 kg in the high yield period (trees born in 20 ~ 50 years).