High-yield cultivation techniques of Asarum

Asarum, alias Liao Asarum, Northern Asarum and so on. It has the effect of dispelling wind and dispelling cold and relieving pain by using whole herb as medicine. It mainly treats wind-cold headache, phlegm cough and asthma, joint pain, cold nose, toothache and so on. Mainly produces Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other provinces.

The morphological characteristics are perennial herbs of Aristolochaceae. The plant is 30 cm high. There are many white fleshy fibrous roots in the lower part of the rhizome. Root leaves 1-2-foliolate, petiole long, sulcate, margin sparsely short hairy. Leaf blade cordate, apex acute or emarginate, base reniform, entire, both surfaces sparsely shortly hairy, reticulate veined. Single flower terminal, pedicel long, dark purple, Terete; perianth thick, tube pot-shaped, dark purple, apex 3-lobed, with base spreading, not retrorse, apex acute, ca. 9 mm long, ca. 10 cm wide. Stamens 12, two whorls, arranged around lower pistil; filaments 3 mm, filaments as long as anthers. Pistil 1, style 6, conical, lateral at the base with small protuberances, stigma emarginate. Ovary semi-inferior, 6-loculed, axile placenta, 5 ovules per locule. Capsule globose. Seeds conical, with brown hard shell, 4 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter, with fleshy aril on one side. The flowering period is from April to May and the fruiting period is from May to June.

First, the growth habit Asarum likes to moist shady environment, afraid of high temperature and direct sunlight. The plants will die after a few hours of direct sunlight in summer. Hardy. The seeds have post-ripening stage and need to be treated at low temperature before they can emerge. It is better to use loam with deep, loose and fertile soil and rich in organic matter. The seeds do not emerge after drying.

Second, select fields with high terrain and good drainage for soil preparation and fertilization, and cultivate them carefully. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make beds and wait for sowing.

Third, the production of sowing Asarum mostly uses rhizome propagation, but also can use seed propagation. It is divided into two steps: seedling raising and transplanting. The sowing time is from July to August. It can also be sown in spring. Rhizome propagation: Asarum was planed in April-May or August-September, divided into several plants according to the number of bract buds, and then planted on the finished border surface according to the row spacing of 25 × 20 cm. Watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive. Seed propagation: harvested in time after Asarum seeds matured from June to July. Sow the seeds on the whole border surface according to the row spacing of 10 × 6 cm while fresh. Put 5 seeds in each hole. Watering to preserve soil moisture to benefit seedlings, after the seedlings to strengthen field management. After one year of cultivation, Asarum seedlings can be transplanted, and Asarum seedlings will be planted on the whole border surface according to the row spacing of 20 × 20 cm. Watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive.

Fourth, after the field management of Asarum seedlings, attention should be paid to ploughing and weeding. Watering should be timely in dry weather and timely drainage in overcast and rainy weather. Asarum is afraid of strong light, so it should be properly intercropped with sorghum and other tall crops before and after the Qingming Festival to facilitate the growth of Asarum. The Beginning of Autumn topdressing once: 10 kg urea per mu and 5 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu. Sprinkle a layer of soil fertilizer on the border in winter.

Fifth, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests Asarum has fewer diseases and insect pests. If found, timely prevention and control according to the conventional method. Underground pests are trapped and killed with octane scales and poison bait.

6. harvesting and processing Asarum is generally harvested in autumn 2-3 years after transplanting. When harvesting, the Asarum plant is planted and shaved from the root, then the soil is cleaned and dried, and then it can be sold as medicine. The yield is 200 kilograms per mu.