High-yield cultivation techniques of Rhizoma Polygonatum

Huang Jing, alias tiger ginger, chicken head ginseng, yellow chicken vegetables, Jiegao and so on. It is a perennial herb of Polygonaceae. The underground rhizome is used as medicine, which has the function of tonifying the spleen and moistening the lung, replenishing qi and nourishing yin. It mainly treats lung dryness and dry cough, body deficiency and fatigue, palpitation, shortness of breath, chronic disease, dry mouth, diabetes, hypertension and so on. Mainly produces Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and other provinces.

Morphological characteristics

1. Polygonatum yunnanensis is a perennial herb. The rhizome is hypertrophic, slightly lumpy or nodular dilated, 1-3 cm in diameter. The stem is 1-3 meters high and the top is often twisted. Leaves whorled, sessile, usually 4-8 leaves per whorl, leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate, apex acuminate and revolute. Flowers axillary, pendulous, usually 2-4 in short Cymes, pedicel with membranous bracteoles at base, perianth tube-shaped, usually pink, 18-25 mm in length, stamens inserted above 1 × 2 of perianth tube, style 10-14 mm long, more than 2 times the length of ovary. The berries are globose and red when ripe.

2. Rhizoma Polygonatum perennial herbs, 50-90 cm high, occasionally more than 1 meter. The rhizome is transverse and cylindrical, and because the nodules are dilated, one end of the Internode is thick and thin, and the thick end can be up to 2.5 cm in diameter; fleshy, yellowish, the apex sometimes protrudes like a chicken's head. Stem erect, slightly scandent in upper part. Leaves verticillate, sessile, 4-6 leaves per whorl, linear-lanceolate, apex acuminate and revolute. Flowers axillary, pendulous, 2-4 integrated umbels, perianth tube-shaped, white to yellowish 9-13 mm in length, lobes 6, lanceolate, stamens inserted above perianth tube 1-stroke 2, style 1.5-2 times as long as ovary. The berries are globose and purple-black when ripe.

3. Polygonatum polygonatum is a perennial herb. Rhizome transverse, fleshy, usually slightly nodular or globose, 1.2-2 cm in diam. Stem 40-100 cm tall, slightly decumbent distally, usually with leaves 10-15. Leaves alternate, sessile or almost sessile; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-lanceolate; green above, gray-green below, with 3-5 raised parallel veins. Flowers axillary, perianth tubular, yellowish to greenish white, 18-25 mm long, apical with 6 lobes, lobes triangular-ovate, stamens 6; ovary subglobose, berries red or purplish red when ripe.

First, the growth habit Huang Jing likes to shade the humid environment. Resistant to cold and afraid of drought. To the soil request: the soil layer is deep, loose and fertile, rich in organic matter sandy loam is better. Heavy clay, saline-alkali land and low-lying land are not suitable for planting.

Second, select fields with high topography and good drainage for soil preparation and fertilization, and cultivate them carefully. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 5000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu, and then make a high bed 1.5 meters wide, waiting for sowing.

Third, sowing Polygonatum polygonatum production with rhizome propagation, but also with seed reproduction. The sowing time is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing. Spring sowing before and after the Qingming Festival, autumn sowing around the Beginning of Winter.

The 1 ~ 2-year-old rhizomes with strong growth and free of diseases and insect pests were selected for rhizome propagation, which were cut into small segments with 2-3 nodes in each section. After the wound was healed, it was planted on the finished border surface according to the row spacing of 30 × 15 cm. When planting, the buds face up and put them flat in the hole. Watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive.

The seeds were treated with accumulation layer before seed reproduction and sowing, that is, the newly collected seeds were mixed with wet sand at the ratio of 1:3 and put into the pit, and a handful of wheat straw was inserted in the center to facilitate ventilation. Cover the top with a layer of wet sand. For sprouting. The seeds can be sown in the spring of the second year. When sowing, first open a shallow ditch on the finished border surface, and then spread the seeds evenly into the ditch. Cover the soil and water to preserve the moisture to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. After the seedlings were collected, the field management should be strengthened and the seedlings could be transplanted after one year of cultivation. When transplanting, according to the row spacing of 25 × 20 cm, planted on the whole border surface, watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive.

Fourth, after the field management of Huang Jingqi seedlings, pay attention to ploughing and weeding. Pay attention to watering in dry weather and keep the border moist. Drainage in time in cloudy and rainy weather to prevent stagnant water from rotting the roots. As Huang Jing likes shade, he should interplant some tall crops before and after the Beginning of Summer to cover the shade. The Beginning of Autumn topdressing once: 10 kg urea per mu and 10 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu. Sprinkle a layer of soil fertilizer on the border in winter.

5. Control of diseases and insect pests the main disease of Polygonatum polygonatum is leaf spot, which can be controlled with 1 Bordeaux solution before the disease. Carbendazim was used to control the disease at the initial stage of the disease. Underground pests are trapped and killed with phoxim and poison bait.

6. Harvesting and processing Polygonatum sibiricum takes 2-3 years to propagate from rhizome, and 3-4 years to reproduce it from seeds. After the aboveground part is withered and yellow after autumn, dig out the underground roots and remove the soil and stem and leaf whisker roots. Wash and steam in a steamer for 10 minutes and 20 minutes, then knead it in the sun and knead it until fully dry, then it can be sold as medicine. The yield is 300 to 500 kilograms per mu.