High-yield cultivation techniques of Codonopsis pilosula

Codonopsis pilosula, alias clover, clover, smelly Codonopsis pilosula and so on. It is a perennial herbaceous vine of Campanulaceae. The underground rhizome is used as medicine, which has the effect of tonifying the middle and replenishing qi and reconciling the spleen and stomach. It can be used instead of ginseng, but it is less effective. The main treatment is shortness of breath, palpitation, fatigue, loose stool, swollen face, long diarrhea and prolapse of anus, dry tongue, thirst and so on. Mainly produced in Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Qinghai, Sichuan and other provinces and regions.

Morphological characteristics 1. Codonopsis pilosula is a perennial herb with milk and oily stench. The root is enlarged, fleshy, fusiform or cylindrical, with fine rings in the upper part of 5-10 cm and sparsely long lenticels in the lower part. Stem base with many verrucose stem scars; stem slender, twining or trailing, much branched. Leaves alternate or opposite, petiole slender with sparse short spines, leaf blade ovate or narrowly ovate, apex pure or puberulent, margin undulate obtusely serrate; leaf base rounded or cuneate, both surfaces sparsely or densely appressed hirsute or pilose. Flowers solitary at the tip of branches, alternate with petiole or nearly opposite, stipitate; sepals 5-lobed, green, apex acute; Corolla broadly campanulate, yellowish green, purple spot inside, apex 5-lobed; stamens 5, anthers yellowish, pistil 1. Ovary semi-inferior, capsule conical, calyx persistent. Seeds numerous, small, ovate, brown.

2. Codonopsis pilosula is a variety of Codonopsis pilosula, which is similar to Codonopsis pilosula, which is mainly different from the middle length of leaves, nearly smooth and glabrous; Calyx lobes are smaller, about 2 times as long as width; Corolla is 1.7-2 cm in diameter, longer than 1.5 cm, usually longer than calyx lobes.

3. Herbaceous vines of Codonopsis pilosula. Leaf blade densely pilose on both sides; root hypertrophy, fleshy, spindle cylindrical, surface grayish yellow. Stems twining and much branched; leaves alternate, leaves on branchlets nearly opposite; leaf blade ovate or narrowly ovate, green above, grayish green below. Flowers solitary at the end of branches, pedicellate; calyx 5-parted; Corolla campanulate, yellowish green, purple spots, 5-lobed, ovary inferior. Capsule conical; seeds numerous, brownish yellow.

4. Codonopsis tubulosa Kom. Herbs, roots not branched or slightly branched below middle; leaves opposite or alternate at stem tip, petiole very short, pilose, leaf base cuneate, densely or sparsely pubescent; calyx tube hemispherical, connate with lower half of ovary, densely villous; Corolla tubular.

First, growth habits Codonopsis pilosula likes a warm and cool climate. Seedlings like damp and cool, but the best part of high temperature is easy to rot roots and dead seedlings. Damiao likes sunshine. Resistant to cold and drought. It is suitable to grow in sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and rich in organic matter. Low-lying land, saline-alkali land and heavy clay should not be planted. Forget to do it continuously.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization select fields with high terrain and good drainage for intensive cultivation. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make beds and wait for sowing.

Third, sowing Codonopsis pilosula with seed propagation and cutting propagation. It is divided into two steps: seedling raising and transplanting. The sowing time is spring sowing and autumn sowing, seedling raising is more spring sowing, and transplanting is mostly in autumn. . Before and after the Qingming Festival, the seeds of Codonopsis pilosula were scattered evenly on the finished border surface to loosen the soil layer and make the soil cover without seeds. Water to preserve soil moisture to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The sowing rate is 2 kg per mu. Transplanting before and after Frosts Descent in autumn, the seedlings of Codonopsis pilosula grown for one year were planted on the whole border and watered to preserve soil moisture in order to survive. The distance between rows and plants is 20 × 10 cm.

Fourth, after field management, Codonopsis pilosula seedlings should be watered with small water frequently. Pay attention to weeding. If planting on a large scale, herbicides should be used to treat the soil before seedling, which can effectively control all kinds of weeds. Water in time in dry weather, pay attention to drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. Because Dangshen is afraid of high temperature, we can interplant some tall crops such as corn and sorghum to shade after Grain Rain. Codonopsis pilosula growth period is longer, so every year before and after the Beginning of Autumn topdressing: urea 5 kg per mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10 kg. Clear the countryside in winter to remove withered stems and leaves from the ground. And sprinkle a layer of soil fertilizer on the border.

Fifth, pest control Codonopsis pilosula main diseases are root rot, soil preparation can be applied 70% pentachloronitrobenzene powder 2 kg per mu, soil disinfection. And 50% topiramate was used for prevention and treatment at the initial stage of the disease. Rust is controlled with diazuron sodium and trimethoprim. Pests are red spiders and aphids, which can be controlled by Sanfangling. Underground pests are trapped and killed with phoxim and poison bait.

6. harvesting and processing of Codonopsis pilosula is generally in the autumn of 2-3 years after sowing, and the aboveground stems and leaves are withered and dug. First cut off the aboveground stems and leaves, and then dig out the underground roots to clean the soil. It can be sold as medicine after drying or drying. The yield is 200 kilograms per mu.