High-yield cultivation techniques of Salvia miltiorrhiza

Salvia miltiorrhiza, alias blood ginseng, Dahongpao, etc. The underground root is used as medicine, which has the effect of promoting blood circulation, regulating menstruation, dispelling blood stasis and relieving pain. Main treatment of coronary heart disease, irregular menstruation, postpartum congestion, chest and abdomen or limb pain, carbuncle sore poison, upset insomnia and other diseases. Mainly produces Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan and other provinces. Now it is cultivated all over the country.

The morphological characteristics are perennial herbs of Labiatae, 30-100 cm high, and the whole plant is densely covered with yellowish pilose and glandular hairs. The root is slender, cylindrical, and the skin is red. Stem quadrangular, upper part branched. Leaves opposite, odd-pinnately compound, leaflets ovoid to broadly ovoid, both surfaces densely white pilose. Summer flowering, terminal and axillary verticillate inflorescences, 3-10 flowers per whorl, arranged in separate racemes; calyx slightly campanulate, purple; Corolla 2-lipped, blue-purple, developed stamens 2, protruding out of Corolla tube and covered under upper lip, staminodes 2, inserted on both sides of upper lip throat; ovary superior, 4-lobed, style longer than stamens, stigma 2-lobed unequal. Nutlets oblong, dark brown or black when ripe, enclosed in persistent calyx.

First, growth habits Salvia miltiorrhiza likes warm, humid, sunny environment. Drought-resistant, cold-resistant, afraid of water stains, lax requirements on the soil, with deep soil layer, loose and fertile, rich in organic sandy loam cultivation is better. The suitable growth temperature is 20 ℃ and 30 min.

Second, select fields with high terrain and good drainage for soil preparation and fertilization, and cultivate them carefully. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 5000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 50 kg of cake fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make beds and wait for sowing.

Third, split root propagation is used in the production of sowing Salvia miltiorrhiza. Seed propagation and cuttage propagation can also be used. Most of the sowing time is spring sowing, which is carried out around the Qingming Festival. Split root propagation: select the annual root strips with thick little finger, no diseases and insect pests, take the upper part, cut into small segments 5 cm long for planting, dry for half a day, wait for the wound to heal, according to the row spacing of 35 × 20 cm, planted on the whole border surface, watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive. It is better to plant after budding in a hotbed. Use 60 kg of root per mu. Cutting propagation: generally carried out in the hot and rainy season. Select two-year-old sturdy stems and branches, hang them for a little while, dip them in the roots with APT rooting powder for 5 minutes, then cut them on the finished border surface, water them to preserve moisture, and then survive. Seed propagation: it can be sowed on the finished border surface in time after Salvia miltiorrhiza seed harvest, strengthen field management after emergence, and transplant after growing for one year. The sowing rate is 2 kg per mu. Because of the long growth period of seed reproduction, it is not often used in production.

Fourth, after the emergence of Salvia miltiorrhiza in field management, attention should be paid to ploughing and weeding. If planting on a large scale, herbicides should be used to treat the soil before seedling, which can effectively control all kinds of weeds. Pay attention to drainage in cloudy and rainy weather and water in time in dry weather. Before and after the Beginning of Autumn entered the underground rhizome expansion period, topdressing should be once: 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu. After budding, the buds in the area should be removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption.

Fifth, pest control Salvia miltiorrhiza main diseases and insect pests are root rot, can be used in the initial stage of the disease with 50% carbendazim 700 times solution spray control. Spray once a week, three times in a row. The insect pest has the silver moth larva bites the leaf, may use the pyrethroid pesticide to kill. Underground pests are trapped and killed with phoxim and poison bait.

6. Harvesting and processing Salvia miltiorrhiza is generally harvested in autumn 1-2 years after planting. Dig out the underground root, remove the soil, dry it and then use it as medicine. The yield is 350 kg per mu.