High-yield cultivation techniques of Radix scrophulariae

Radix scrophulariae, alias Kangshen, black ginseng. Using underground rhizome as medicine has the effect of nourishing yin and reducing fire, detoxification and detumescence. It mainly treats fever, thirst, tonsillitis, sore throat, gingivitis, acute lymphadenitis, lymphoid tuberculosis, intestinal dryness and constipation. Mainly produces Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Anhui, Guizhou and other provinces and regions.

The morphological characteristics are perennial herbs of Scrophulariaceae, 60-120 cm high. Roots several, cylindrical or fusiform, 5-12 cm long, 1.5-3 cm in diameter, lower part often bifurcated, bark grayish brown. Stem erect, quadrangular, smooth or glandular pilose. Leaves opposite, leaf blade ovate-elliptic, apex acuminate, base rounded or subtruncate, margin obtusely serrate, tooth margin revolute; leaf back with sparse scattered fine hairs. Cymes spreading, paniculate; pedicels 1-3 cm long, sepals 5-lobed, ovoid, apex obtuse; Corolla dark purple, ca. 8 mm, 5-lobed; stamens 4, 2 strong, and 1 degenerated stamen, scalelike, Adnate to Corolla tube; disk conspicuous; ovary superior, 2-loculed, style slender. Capsule ovoid, apex mucronate. Seeds numerous, ovoid, dark brown or dark gray.

First, the growth habit of Radix scrophulariae likes a warm and humid environment. Strong adaptability, cold tolerance, drought tolerance, avoid continuous cropping. The suitable growth temperature is 20-32 ℃. For soil requirements: loose and fertile, deep soil layer, rich in organic matter sandy loam is better. Heavy clay, low-lying land, saline-alkali land, not suitable for planting. Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, Aconitum mongolicum, Aconitum mongolicum and legume stubble are not suitable for planting.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization select fields with high topography and good drainage for intensive cultivation. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 5000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 50 kg of bean cake per mu. Then make a high bed and wait for sowing.

Third, sowing Radix scrophulariae is propagated with rhizome. The sowing time is autumn sowing and spring sowing. Autumn sowing before and after the Beginning of Winter, spring sowing around Qingming Festival. It is suitable for autumn sowing in the south and spring sowing in the north. During sowing, the root buds of Radix scrophulariae were planted on the finished border surface according to the row spacing of 40 × 20 cm. Watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive.

Fourth, field management of Radix scrophulariae should pay attention to ploughing and weeding. If planting on a large scale, herbicides should be used to treat the soil before seedling, which can effectively control all kinds of weeds. Pay attention to watering in dry weather and timely drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. Before and after the Beginning of Autumn, Radix scrophulariae entered the rhizome expansion period, should be topdressing once: 10 kg urea and 10 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu. After the budding of Radix scrophulariae, the upper buds should be cut off in time in order to prevent nutrient consumption.

5. the main diseases of Radix scrophulariae are white silk disease, spot blight and leaf spot disease. Soil sterilization, 50% carbendazim powder 3 kg or quicklime 50 kg per mu. It is applied to the soil during soil preparation to kill soil germs. two。 In the seed treatment, the bud of Radix Scutellariae was soaked in 500 times carbendazim solution for 5 minutes for 10 minutes to kill the germs on the seed bud. 3. Before the disease, 65% mancozeb 500x solution or 1 ∶ 1 ∶ Bordeaux solution was used for prevention and treatment. At the initial stage of the disease, carbendazim was used for prevention and treatment. The main pests are red spiders, which can be killed with propargite. Underground pests are trapped and killed with phoxim and poison bait.

6. harvesting and processing Radix scrophulariae is generally dug after the aboveground stems and leaves withered in the autumn after growing for one year. First cut off the aboveground stems and leaves, and then dig out the underground tubers to clean the soil. Bask in the sun until half-dry, accumulate and sweat for 4-5 days, and then dry. Accumulate and dry repeatedly until it is completely dry. Take the skin fine quality firm, the inside black person as the good product. The yield is 250 kg per mu.