High-yield cultivation techniques of Gentiana

Gentian, alias striped leaf gentian, northeast gentian. It is a perennial herb of Gentianaceae. The underground rhizome is used as medicine, which has the effect of purging the liver and gallbladder, removing dampness and heat, and strengthening bones. It mainly produces Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and three eastern provinces.

Morphological characteristics 1, striped leaf gentian perennial herbs, 30-50 cm high, the whole plant smooth glabrous, often purplish red. The rhizome is thick and short, the internodes are very short, each node usually has 1-3 rope-like roots, yellowish brown, with obvious wrinkles. Stems erect, simple, sparse 2-stemmed tufted. Unbranched. Leaves opposite, middle leaves of stem linear or linear-lanceolate, leathery, 5-10 cm long and 3-7 cm wide. Apex acuminate, margin reversing. Flowers solitary in stem apex or upper leaf axils. Bracts 2, linear. Calyx campanulate or tubular-campanulate; Corolla tubular-campanulate to campanulate, blue-purple, apex 5-lobed, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex pointed. Interlobes ovate-triangular, apex acute. Stamens 5, pistils 2. Ovary superior, style short, stigma 2-lobed, revolute. Capsule oblong-lanceolate or oblong; seeds small, elliptic, reddish brown.

2. The whole plant of gentian is usually green and purplish. Rhizome short, densely bearing mostly yellow-white transversely wrinkled roots. Stem erect, coarsely, simple. Leaves opposite, sessile; middle leaves larger, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-7 cm long and 1-3 cm wide. Margin and leaf veins scabrous, with 3 distinct main veins. Flowers arising from stem ends or leaf axils, flowers bright blue or dark blue, apex 5-lobed, lobes ovate, tip pointed, interlobes triangular, acuminate; stamens 5, style short, stigma 2-lobed. Capsule oblong, shortly stipitate; seeds numerous.

3. Gentiana trifoliata is similar to Gentiana striata, the main difference is that the whole plant height of this species is 40mur80 cm; the leaves are 5-10 cm long and 4-10 mm wide, the apex is obtuse, the margin is not retrorse; the bouquet is 3-5 on the stem tip, the axillary flowers are mostly 1-3, the base is surrounded by 3-5 leaflike bracts, longer than the flowers, the Corolla lobes are obtuse or round, the folds between the lobes are very short, triangular, apex denticulate.

First, growth habits: gentian likes a warm and humid environment, afraid of hot sun exposure. It is better to cultivate sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and rich organic matter.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization: intensive cultivation of the fields that are going to plant gentian. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 15 kg of urea, 50 kg of superphosphate and 20 kg of potash fertilizer per mu. Then make beds and wait for sowing.

Third, sowing: gentian can be propagated by seed, root propagation and cutting propagation. Most of the sowing time is spring sowing.

Seed propagation: before sowing, soak the seeds in 5% potassium nitrate solution for 3 hours, control water purification, and put them into indoor germination treatment. When the seeds sprout, sow them evenly on the finished border. And covered with a layer of grass curtain, watering to preserve moisture, in order to facilitate the emergence of seedlings.

Split-root propagation: dig out the underground part after autumn, cut the rhizome into more than three segments, and bury the fibrous root in the soil to keep the soil moist and grow into new plants in the coming year.

Cutting propagation: before the flower bud differentiation, the adult branches were cut into one cuttage every three nodes, and the lower end of the branches were treated with ABT rooting powder solution and then cut on the finished border surface, watering and preserving soil moisture could survive.

Fourth, field management: after gentian seedlings, attention should be paid to intermediate ploughing and weeding. Pay attention to watering in dry weather and timely drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. When budding, fertilizer should be applied once: 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu. After the bud is formed, if there is no seed left, the bud should be removed in time. Gentian grass is afraid of strong light, so it is appropriate to plant some tall crops such as corn for shade.

Fifth, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: the main diseases and insect pests of Gentiana are brown spot, which harms the leaves and dies in serious cases. Mancozeb can be used for prevention and treatment at the initial stage of the disease. Spot blight occurs from July to August and can be controlled with carbendazim at the initial stage of the disease. Flower bud flies can be sprayed with phoxim during egg incubation.

Harvest and processing: gentian is harvested three years after planting. Dig out the underground roots, remove the stems and leaves, wash the soil and dry it and put it for sale. The yield per mu is 50 Mu and 100 kg.