High-yield cultivation techniques of Panax quinquefolium

American ginseng, alias American ginseng, American ginseng, etc. The underground rhizome is used as medicine, which is beneficial to Qi Shengjin, moistening the lungs and clearing heat, nourishing and strengthening, calming the mind and wisdom, and so on. It mainly treats hypertension, myocardial dystrophy, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, irritability and stuffy heat, thirst, nausea, leukopenia and so on. Mainly produces the United States, Canada. Now it has been successfully introduced in China, and has been popularized and planted in Beijing, Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shaanxi, Hebei and Shandong. Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou and Yunnan were also introduced successfully.

Morphological characteristics the original plant American ginseng is a perennial erect herb of Araliaceae, 15-45 cm high; the main root is fusiform, sometimes bifurcated, with thin and often withered scales at the base of the stem. Palmately compound leaves 3 or 5 whorled stem apex; leaflets usually 5, sometimes 3, leaflets thin, oblong-Obovate, 7-13 cm long, apex cuspidate or acuminate, margin coarsely serrate or dentate, inconspicuous setae scattered on upper veins. It blossoms in summer. Umbels single terminal, total pedicel very long, with 6-20 flowers; calyx 5-lobed; petals 5, imbricate arrangement. Berry drupe, ca. 12 mm in diam., bright red when mature.

First, the growth habit of American ginseng likes the environment with mild climate and abundant rainfall. Like shade and dampness, afraid of bright light, avoid high temperature. The suitable growth temperature is 18-24 ℃. It is suitable for planting in acid loam or sandy soil with loose and fertile soil, deep soil layer and rich organic matter. Avoid continuous cropping.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization to select the gentle slope of Yinshan with a slope of 515 degrees, intensive cultivation. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 5000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 10 kg of urea, 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 100kg of bone powder per mu. Then make a high bed 1.2 meters wide and wait for sowing.

Third, sow American ginseng and propagate with seeds. The production is divided into three steps: seed treatment, seedling raising and transplanting. The sowing time is spring sowing and transplanting is mostly carried out in autumn. The seeds of Panax quinquefolium collected by seed treatment were stored dry at room temperature for 8 to 9 months. In May of the following year, it was taken out and soaked in clean water for 2-3 days. Mix well with 3 times of wet sand, put it in a wooden box and bury it indoors or in a kiln under the tree to finish its physiological ripening. The treated seeds of Panax quinquefolium were scattered evenly on the whole border surface. Cover the soil and water the grass to preserve the moisture to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. Strengthen the management after completing the seedlings, and transplant after 2 years of cultivation. The sowing rate is 5 kilograms per mu. The seedlings of Panax quinquefolium which had been cultivated for 2 years after transplanting were planed after the aboveground stems and leaves were withered and yellow in autumn, and planted on the whole border surface according to the row spacing of 20 × 10 cm. Watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive.

Fourth, field management American ginseng likes shade, is afraid of bright light, after planting, must build a shed to shade, in order to facilitate the growth of American ginseng. The shape of the shed is bow-shaped shed, single transparent shed, flat roof and so on. After American ginseng seedlings are collected, attention should be paid to ploughing and weeding. Pay attention to watering in dry weather and timely drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. American ginseng grows for a long time, so it is fertilized once a year before and after the Beginning of Autumn: 5 kg urea per mu and 10 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu. Every winter, combined with cold protection, spread a layer of soil fertilizer on the border of American ginseng. After the budding of Panax quinquefolium, the buds should be removed in addition to planting. To prevent the consumption of nutrients and promote the growth of underground rhizomes.

5. The main diseases of Panax quinquefolium are Rot Blight, Rust Rot, Leaf spot and Black spot. Soil sterilization with 50% carbendazim powder 5 kg per mu. Apply it evenly into the soil during soil preparation to kill soil germs. two。 Before sowing, the seeds of Panax quinquefolium were soaked in 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 3 hours to kill the germs in the seeds. 3. Prophylaxis was given with 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 400 Bordeaux solution or mancozeb before onset. In the early stage of the disease, spray control with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution. Once a week, three times in a row. Quenching disease was prevented and treated with 60% 100PPm spray, and the bacteriostatic effect reached 100%. Underground pests are trapped and killed with phoxim and poison bait.

6. Harvesting and processing American ginseng is generally harvested before and after the Beginning of Winter 4-5 years after planting. The underground rhizomes of Panax quinquefolium were dried at a temperature of 30-45 ℃ and then sold as medicine. The yield is 200 kilograms per mu.