High-yield cultivation techniques of Coptis chinensis

Coptis chinensis, alias Chuanghuanglian. Is a perennial herb of Ranunculaceae. Using underground rhizome as medicine has the effect of purging fire, dryness and dampness, clearing heat and detoxification. It mainly treats fever and irritation, hematemesis, enteritis, acute conjunctivitis, otitis media, nameless swelling toxin, yellow water sore and so on. The main producing areas are Sichuan, Hubei, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and other provinces and regions.

Morphological characteristics 1. Coptis perennial herbs, 20-50 cm high, rhizome much branched, clustered or fascicled. Leaves basal, 3-foliolate; petiole glabrous; leaf blade ovate-triangular, stout papery (older leaves slightly leathery); 3-divided, central lobe ovate-rhombic, basal petiolule 1-2 cm long, lobes pinnately parted, deep lobes 4-5 pairs, margin sharply serrate; leaves green, shiny, surface short hairy along veins, abaxially glabrous. Flowering stems several branches, 12-25 cm tall; 2-dichotomous Cymes terminal, flowers 3-8, white-green or yellow; sepals 5, yellowish green, narrowly ovate, petals linear, lanceolate, numerous stamens, carpels 8-12, free, aggregate fruits 6-12, each fruit has 8-12 seeds, long elliptic, brown or dark brown.

2. Coptis chinensis is a perennial herb, and the plant is slightly higher than Coptis chinensis. The rhizome is unbranched or less branched, with nodules, dilated nodes, thinner internodes (commonly known as "crossing the bridge"), many slender whisker roots on the nodes; stolons elongated, laterally drawn from the rhizome nodes, 2-20 branches per plant, with one or more compound leaves at the top of the branch, with inflated buds that touch the ground to take root and produce new plants. Leaves tufted, stalk 7-17 cm long, glabrous; Ternate pinnately compound leaves, leathery, dark green, glossy. Flowering stem, 15-20 cm long, terminal panicle, 3-9 flowers, light green; bracts linear-lanceolate, calyx narrowly ovate, petals narrowly striate; stamens ca. 20, carpels 9-12. There are 6-12 aggregate fruits, many flowers are sterile, and there are few seeds in the fruit.

3. Yunlian perennial herbs, the roots are similar to Coptis chinensis, the main differences are: small rhizome, dense internodes, stolon, leaf blade ovate triangular leaf, trifid, central lobe ovate-rhombic, apex acuminate, pinnatifid, lobules alienated from each other. Petals spatulate to ovate-spatulate, apex obtuse.

First, the growth habit of Huanglian likes a moist and cool climate and avoids strong light exposure. The soil is required to be "compacted under the upper pine"-that is, the upper soil layer is loose and fertile sandy loam, and the lower soil layer is clay with strong water and fertility conservation. Like water and fertilizer, afraid of drought.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization select fields on low mountain shady slopes or semi-shady slopes for intensive cultivation. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 per mu of soil miscellaneous fertilizer 3000 kg, urea 20 kg, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 50 kg. Then make beds and wait for sowing.

Third, seed reproduction is used in the production of Coptis chinensis. The method of raising seedlings first and then transplanting is often adopted. It can also be propagated separately. The sowing time is from October to November in autumn. The seeds of Coptis chinensis seedlings belong to low temperature type, and the dormancy period is more than 9 months. It needs to be treated at low temperature to break dormancy and sprout. Once the seed is dried, it loses its ability to germinate. Therefore, the method is to mix the freshly harvested Coptis chinensis seeds with wet sand at 1:3, put them in a wooden box and store them in an underground cellar. Or put the freshly harvested Coptis chinensis seeds in the refrigerator and store them at 0: 6 ℃ for 180 days. Then the treated seeds of Coptis chinensis were scattered evenly on the finished border surface. Loosen the soil layer so that the soil cover has no seeds. Water to preserve soil moisture to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The sowing rate is 4 kg per mu. Transplanting is generally carried out before and after the Qingming Festival, from May to June in summer and from September to October in autumn. The seedlings of Coptis chinensis, which had grown for 2 ~ 3 years, were planted on the whole border surface according to the row spacing of 10 × 10 cm. Watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive. In ramet propagation, the branches of Coptis chinensis at the age of 3 ~ 4 years were separated from the rhizome, and the rhizome seedlings of 1 cm were selected as the seedlings. Then it was planted on the finished border according to the row spacing of 15 × 15 cm. Watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive.

Fourth, field management of Coptis chinensis avoid strong light exposure, so it is necessary to build a shed to shade the sown Coptis field. After finishing the seedlings, attention should be paid to ploughing and weeding. Chemical weeding can also be carried out with 50% trimethoprim, 25% diuron, 10% herbicide ether, etc. Pay attention to watering in dry weather and timely drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. Because Coptis chinensis has a long growth period, it should be 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate before and after the Beginning of Autumn every year. Sprinkle a layer of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer on the Huanglian border in winter. Coptis chinensis began to bolt and blossom from the second year. In addition to leaving seeds and plants, the flower branches should be cut off to prevent the consumption of nutrients and promote the growth of underground roots.

Fifth, the main diseases of Coptis chinensis are powdery mildew, which can be controlled by Fanning rust at the initial stage of the disease. Anthrax can be sprayed with 50% carbendazim 800 times solution at the initial stage of the disease. Once a week, three times in a row. White silk disease can be prevented and treated with 50% antiseptic 500-fold solution at the initial stage of the disease. Once a week, three times in a row. Others are parasitic on the root of Coptis chinensis, which absorbs juice and harms the growth of Coptis chinensis. When it is found, it can be dug up together with the root soil. Or before the seed is ripe, it will be uprooted. The main pests are slugs that bite the leaves of Coptis chinensis, and vegetables can be used as poison bait in prevention and control.

Harvest and processing of Coptis chinensis is generally harvested before and after the Beginning of Winter 5-6 years after planting. Cut the underground rhizome of Coptis chinensis, cut off Ye Bing, wash away the sediment, dry it and sell it as medicine. The yield per mu is 20000kg.