High-yielding cultivation techniques of aconite

Aconite, alias Sichuan aconite, Sichuan aconitum, Tianxiong and so on. The underground rhizome is used as medicine, and the main root is called aconitum and Chuanwu; the lateral tuber root is called aconite after processing; the root tuber is directly dried and called aconite. Aconite has the effects of warming li, returning to yang, relieving pain and dispelling wind. The main treatment of Yang deficiency, limbs syncope cold, pulse and other symptoms of Yang loss. It is also used for the treatment of heart and abdomen cold pain, deficiency cold diarrhea, yang deficiency water, heart failure and other diseases. Chuanwu can dispel rheumatism, dissipate cold and relieve pain. It mainly treats wind-cold-dampness arthralgia, cold pain in limbs and joints, sciatica, cold pain in the abdomen, severe pain in falling and so on. Mainly produces Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Gansu, Hubei and other provinces.

The morphological characteristics are perennial herbs of Ranunculaceae with a height of 60-120 cm. Tuberous roots are usually 2 contiguous, and the lateral roots (daughter roots) of cultivated products are usually hypertrophic, Obovate to Obovate, up to 5 cm in diameter. The epidermis is tea-brown to dark brown, smooth, with tuberous protuberances around, and there are many or no fine fibrous roots in the lower part. The stem is erect, cylindrical, the surface is turquoise, and the lower old stem is mostly purplish. The lower part is smooth and glabrous, and the upper part is scattered with a few appressed pilose. Leaves alternate, stipitate, leaf blade oval-pentagonal, stout papery or slightly leathery, palmately 3-lobed, deep to the base, 2-lobed on both sides, dark green on the surface and grayish green on the back. Racemose panicles, densely retrorse white pilose on inflorescence rachis; bracteoles narrowly striate, sepals 5, petaloid; flowers blue-purple, outer pubescent; stamens numerous, carpels 3-5, free, densely gray-yellow pubescent. Fruit oblong, ca. 2 cm, with transverse veins, glabrous. The style is persistent on the outside of the fruit apex, showing an awn tip, and dehiscing inward after maturity.

First, the growth habits of aconite like warm and humid environment, like water and fertilizer. The soil with deep and fertile soil and rich in organic matter is better cultivated. Heavy clay and saline-alkali land are not suitable for planting.

Second, select fields with high terrain and good drainage for soil preparation and fertilization, and cultivate them carefully. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus, potassium and calcium per mu. Then make beds and wait for sowing.

Third, sow aconite and propagate with rhizome. The sowing time is mainly sowing in autumn, but also in spring. Autumn sowing before and after Frosts Descent; spring sowing around Qingming Festival. Before sowing, the lateral tuberous roots with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests were selected as seeds. Then, according to the row spacing of 20 × 15 cm, the aconite seeds were planted on the whole border surface and watered to preserve soil moisture in order to survive. The sowing rate is 50 kilograms per mu.

Fourth, field management aconite seedlings, pay attention to ploughing and weeding. If planting on a large scale, herbicides should be used to treat the soil before seedling, which can effectively control all kinds of weeds. Water in time in dry weather, pay attention to drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. Fu avoid watering at noon every day. Before and after the Beginning of Autumn, fertilizer should be applied once: 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu.

5. Diseases and insect pests can be used to control downy mildew and leaf blight, either with Bordeaux solution of 1purl and 100 Bordeaux before the onset of the disease, or by spraying with 40% carbendazim glue suspension 400 times at the initial stage of the disease. Spray once a week, three times in a row. Powdery mildew can be prevented and treated with fanning rust at the initial stage of the disease. Heart borer is controlled with phoxim.

Harvest and processing of autumn planted aconite in the second year Greater Heat selected sunny days to dig. The underground rhizome of aconite dug out and cut off the fibrous root is the fresh aconite. If the mother root is cut off, it will be called Chuanwu. Fresh aconite should be processed within 24 hours after harvest. It is often used to soak 50 kilograms of fresh aconite in 25 kilograms of bile water (magnesium chloride water) for 7 days, remove it and boil it in a pot for half an hour, soak it in clear water overnight, scrape brown skin, and soak in clean water overnight. Remove, cut into 5 cm thick slices with a blade, then steam in a steamer for 9 hours until the slices are shiny and shiny. Sun for half a day, after fumigation with sulfur, it is called Baifu tablet. It can also be processed into black aconite, salt aconite tablets and so on according to different needs. The yield is 250 kg per mu.