High-yield cultivation techniques of Pinellia ternata

Pinellia ternata, alias three-leaf Pinellia ternata, Xiao Nanxing, etc. The use of underground bulbs in medicine has the effects of dryness, dampness and phlegm, reducing adverse reactions and stopping vomiting, clearing ruffians and dispersing knots. poisonous. The main treatment of phlegm vomiting, wet phlegm cough, qi. External use can eliminate furuncle swelling and stop bleeding. It mainly produces Anhui, Shandong, Shanxi, Hubei, Sichuan and other provinces.

The morphological characteristics are perennial herbs of southern star family, 15-30 cm high. Underground tubers globose or oblate, 1-2 cm in diameter, with numerous fibrous roots in the lower part. Leaves arising from the top of the tuber, the seedlings are often simple, ovate-cordate, the middle one is larger, the two sides are smaller, the apex is acute, the base is cuneate, has a short stalk, the leaf vein is pinnately reticulate, and the lateral veins are United near the side; there is a white globule in the lower part of the petiole, and sometimes there is one at the leaf tip, ovate. Scape tall from leaves, ca. 30 cm; lower part of bract tubular, green, inner black-purple, distal flake-shaped; basal side of fleshy inflorescence Adnate to fleshy bract, upper male flower, inferior female flower, appendage of inflorescence axis extending in shape of rat tail. The berries are red when ripe.

First, the growth habit of Pinellia ternata prefers warm and humid, half-shaded and half-sunny environment, cold-resistant, drought-intolerant, and afraid of strong sun, and the sandy loam with loose and fertile, deep soil layer and rich in organic matter is the best. The suitable growth temperature is 15 ℃-25 ℃.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization select fields with deep soil layer and good drainage for intensive cultivation. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make beds and wait for sowing.

Third, sowing Pinellia ternata production with underground bulb propagation, can also be propagated with seeds. Sowing date before and after the Qingming Festival, before sowing, first open a shallow ditch on the finished border surface, and then put the Pinellia ternata seed bulb according to the row spacing of 20 × 5 cm, planting in the ditch, covering soil. The sowing rate is 100 kg per mu. Seed propagation can first be made into a shallow trench on the finished border surface, and then the seeds are evenly scattered into the ditch, and then raked flat. The sowing rate is 3 kg per mu.

4. field management after sowing Pinellia ternata, the ground temperature is about 20 ℃ in half a month. Before emergence of Pinellia ternata, in case of drought, it can be watered frequently to facilitate seedling emergence. After finishing the seedlings, attention should be paid to weeding in the middle ploughing. If planting on a large scale, herbicides should be used to treat the soil before the seedlings, which can effectively control various weeds. Pay attention to drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. In order to prevent the scorching sun, some tall stalk crops such as corn and Coix can be properly intercropped to facilitate the growth of Pinellia ternata.

Fifth, diseases and insect pests control leaf spot disease, the disease occurs in early summer, there are purple-brown disease spots on the leaves. At the initial stage of the disease, it can be prevented and treated with 1 Vera 120 Bordeaux solution or 65% mancozeb 500 times solution. Spray once a week, three times in a row. Virus disease, when the disease occurs, the leaves of the diseased plants are curled into flowers and leaves, and the plants are short and deformed. Comprehensive prevention and control techniques must be adopted: 1. Soil disinfection. Spread 50 kilograms of lime powder evenly into the soil per mu. 2. Seed treatment: soak the seed stem in 1200 times of carbendazim for 10 minutes before sowing and then remove it to dry and sow seeds. 3. Carbendazim spray was used in the early stage of the disease. The main pests are red diamondback moth larvae, which can be killed with permethrin.

6. the Pinellia ternata propagated with bulbs for harvest and processing was dug after the aboveground stems and leaves withered in the autumn of the same year, and the Pinellia ternata propagated with seeds could not be dug until 3-4 years later. The dug-out underground bulbs are washed, peeled off, fumigated with sulfur, dried and then sold as medicine. The yield is 150 kg per mu.