High-yield cultivation techniques of Chinese Yam

Chinese yam, alias Huai yam, etc. It has the effect of strengthening spleen and stomach, tonifying lung and kidney, and relieving diarrhea. Main treatment of spleen deficiency diarrhea, chronic enteritis, lung deficiency asthma cough, chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetes and other diseases. It mainly produces Henan, Shaanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Shaanxi and other places. It is now cultivated in most parts of the country.

The morphological characteristics are the perennial winding herbs of Dioscoreaceae. The rhizome is fleshy, slightly cylindrical, growing vertically, up to 1 meter long, 2-7 cm in diameter, grayish brown, with fibrous roots. Stems slender, trailing, usually purple, angled, smooth and glabrous. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3 leaves, often bulbous between leaf axils; leaf blade variable in shape, triangular, ovate to triangular broadly ovate, 3.5-7 cm long and 2-4.5 cm wide, usually auriculate, central lobe apex acuminate, bilateral lobes auriculate, base hastate, truncate, deep cordate, broad cordate, both surfaces smooth and glabrous; leaf veins 7-9. Petiole slender, 1.5-3.5 cm long. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, flowers very small, yellowish green, spikes, male inflorescences erect, 2 to several gathered in leaf axils, rachis mostly zigzag, flowers small, subsessile, bracts triangular-ovate, perianth 6, elliptic, apex obtuse, stamens 6, filaments very short, female inflorescences pendulous, each with 2 bracts of different sizes at the base, bracts broadly ovate, apex long acuminate; perianth 6. Ovary inferior, long oval, 3-loculed, stigma 3-lobed. The capsule has 3 wings, and the length of the wing is equal to that of the width. Seeds oblate-ovoid, with broad wings.

First, growth habits of yam like adequate sunshine, warm and humid environment. Like water and fertilizer, afraid of drought, suitable for deep soil, loose and fertile, rich in organic matter sandy loam cultivation. Saline-alkali land and low-lying land are not suitable for cultivation.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization of yam are deep-rooted crops, and fields with high terrain and good drainage should be selected for deep ploughing and careful cultivation. Combined with soil preparation, 5000 kg of soil fertilizer, 50 kg of cake fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied per mu. Then make a high bed and wait for sowing.

Third, in the production of sowing yam, 15% of the Reed head was cut off from the upper part of the underground tuber dug up with Reed head before and after breeding with Reed head and Frosts Descent, and hung slightly to make the wound heal. Store in a cool place (cellar storage in winter). Grain Rain was planted on the border in the second year. The distance between rows and plants is 40 × 15 cm. Those who breed with yam beans will be sown along the border before and after the Qingming Festival. The distance between rows and plants is 30 × 10 cm. Dig it up after autumn, and then transplant it into the field according to the Reed head breeding method.

Fourth, field management Chinese yam should pay attention to ploughing and weeding after emergence. If planting on a large scale, herbicides should be used to treat the soil before seedling, which can effectively control all kinds of weeds. When the seedling is 10 centimeters high, you should set up a frame to let the yam vines wind up to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. Because yam likes water and fertilizer, it should be timely watering and topdressing to keep the soil moist to facilitate growth. Rainy weather should also be timely drainage to prevent stagnant water rotting roots.

Fifth, pest control Chinese yam disease is mainly anthracnose, in June-August incidence, serious harm to stems and leaves, can be used 65% mancozeb control at the initial stage of the disease. Powdery mildew was controlled with strychnine. Phoxim is used to control underground pests.

Sixth, the yam propagated with Reed head is harvested and processed and dug up after the underground roots, stems and leaves have withered after autumn. Before digging, cut off the stems and leaves on the ground and collect spare parts. And then dig up the underground roots. Wash the soil, scrape off the skin with a blade, fumigate with sulfur and dry it. The yield is 400 kilograms per mu. Take the quality strong, the color white, the pink foot, the dry person as the good product.