High-yield cultivation techniques of Bupleurum

Bupleurum, alias Bupleurum, etc. It is a perennial herb of Umbelliferae. It has the effect of relieving fever and rising yang, soothing the liver and relieving depression by using underground root for medicinal purposes. It mainly treats cold, upper respiratory tract infection, malaria, liver and kidney, biliary tract infection, cholecystitis, irregular menstruation, prolapse of anus and so on. Mainly produced in Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei and eastern provinces.

Morphological characteristics 1. Bupleurum perennial herbs, 45-70 cm high. Roots erect, branched or unbranched. The stem is erect, tufted, the upper part is much branched, and the shape of the zigzag is slightly changed. Leaves alternate; broadly linear-lanceolate, apex acuminate, entire, green above, light green below, with 7-9 parallel veins. Umbels axillary and terminal; umbels 4-10, 1-4 cm long, unequal; involucral bracts absent, or with 1-2 segments; umbellules 5-10; involucral bracts 5; flowers small, yellow, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter; teeth inconspicuous; petals 5, apex inwardly bent into industrial teeth; stamens 5; pistil ovary inferior, smooth glabrous, styles 2, very short. Double suspension fruit oblong-oval, left and right flattened.

2. Narrow-leaved Bupleurum perennial herbs, 30-65 cm tall, with deep roots, unbranched or slightly branched. The skin is reddish brown. Stem simple 1 or several branched, distally much branched, smooth glabrous. Leaves alternate, root leaves and lower leaves of stem have long stalks, leaf blade linear or linear-lanceolate, apex acuminate, leaf veins 5-7, nearly parallel. Umbels compound, umbels 3-15; involucral bracts absent, or with 2-3; umbellules 10-20; ca. 2 mm; involucral bracts 5; flowers small, yellow; petals 5, apex inflexed; stamens 5; ovary inferior, smooth glabrous, double dangling, oblong or oblong-ovate.

First, growth habits Chaihu Shanxi warm and humid environment. Resistant to cold, drought and waterlogging. For soil requirements: it is better to use sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and rich organic matter. Saline-alkali land and low-lying land are not suitable for planting.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization select fields with high topography and good drainage for intensive cultivation. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000-5000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make beds and wait for sowing.

Third, sow Bupleurum and propagate with seeds. There are two kinds: direct seeding and seedling transplanting. The sowing time is spring sowing and autumn sowing. Spring sowing before and after the Qingming Festival, autumn sowing before freezing, autumn sowing is better. Before the direct broadcast, the grass was used to make a shallow ditch on the finished border surface, and then the seeds of Bupleurum were scattered evenly into the ditch, and then turned over and leveled twice with a rake, so that the soil cover had no seeds. The sowing rate is 3 kg per mu. Water to preserve soil moisture to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The method of seedling transplanting is the same as that of direct seeding. But the sowing rate should be more appropriate. After that, the management of seedbed should be strengthened and it can be transplanted in autumn after one year of growth. When transplanting, the seedlings of Bupleurum were planted on the whole border surface according to the row spacing of 15 × 10 cm, and watered to preserve soil moisture in order to survive.

4. After field management of Chaihuqi seedlings, attention should be paid to weeding by ploughing. If planting on a large scale, herbicides should be used for soil treatment before seedlings, which can effectively control all kinds of weeds. Pay attention to drainage in cloudy and rainy weather and water in time in dry weather. The growth period of Bupleurum was longer, and 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were applied per mu in the spring of the second year. Clean up the fields in winter, remove withered branches and leaves from the ground, and spread a layer of soil manure.

The main disease of Bupleurum is root rot, which can be controlled with 65% mancozeb before the disease occurs. Carbendazim was used to control the disease at the initial stage of the disease. Pests are mainly aphids, which can be controlled by net aphids. Underground pests were trapped and killed with zinc parathion and poison bait.

Harvest and processing of Bupleurum is usually in autumn 2-3 years after sowing, and the underground stems and leaves are withered and dug. When digging, first cut off the aboveground stems and leaves, and then dig out the underground roots to clean the soil. It can be dried in the sun and sold in medicine. The yield per mu is 150 kg.