Pre-sowing treatment methods of some Chinese Medicinal Materials Seeds

Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala. The product is mainly produced in Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi and other places. The seeds are sown from March to April each year. Before sowing, select full, pest-free seeds, soak them in 25 ℃-30 ℃ warm water for 24 hours, remove them and put them in a shelter in a dustpan, keep them moist, wait for the seeds to germinate and expose white spots, and sow seeds. The method is to open a shallow ditch on the border surface of the nursery according to the distance between the center of the ditch and 20cm, sow the seeds about 10cm, sow the seeds evenly into the ditch, spread a layer of plant ash, then cover the border with fine soil, and finally cover a layer of straw, often sprinkle water, keep the border surface moist, and then emerge one after another after 10 seconds.

Its root tuber medicine is pollen, Trichosanthes root, etc.; its seed medicine is Trichosanthes seed, Trichosanthes seed, Trichosanthes seed; its shell medicine is Trichosanthes shell, Trichosanthes peel and so on, which are dried roots, dried mature seeds and dried mature pericarp of Trichosanthes kirilowii or Trichosanthes kirilowii, respectively. The product is mainly produced in Henan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Guizhou and Anhui provinces. The seeds are sown in March every year. The method is to select orange, strong, short-stalked fruit for planting when the fruit is ripe. When sowing, cut open the shell, take out the seeds, soak them in 40 ℃-50 ℃ warm water for 24 hours, mix them with wet sand, and then put them in the room at 20 ℃-30 ℃ to promote germination. When most of the seeds split, the holes were opened in the arranged seedling bed, 5 seeds were placed in each hole, the crack was downward, and the soil was covered with thick 6cm. Keep the hole moist after sowing, and seedlings can emerge after 15 murals for 20 days.

Cassia is an annual semi-shrubby herb of Leguminosae. The product is mainly produced in Jiangsu, Anhui, Sichuan, Guangxi and other provinces. The seeds are sown in the middle and late April of each year. The method is to select the full seeds, soak them in 50 ℃ warm water for 24 hours, fully absorb the water, remove the cool dry surface moisture, open the trench according to the row spacing of 50-60cm in the seedling bed, 5-7cm the depth of the ditch, spread the seeds evenly into the ditch, cover the soil with 3cm, and press lightly to make the seeds and soil tight. Keep the soil moist after sowing, and seedlings can emerge in 10 days.

Xinyi flower is the dried bud of Magnoliaceae. The product is distributed in Yunnan, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Henan and other places. Sow seeds in spring or autumn every year. The method is to select robust trees that have grown for more than 15 years for seed use (each plant has 10 Mel 30 buds). After the fruit is ripe, the seeds are harvested and dried and rubbed, and stored in a cool place. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water mixed with plant ash for 5 days, rub out the wax, soak in 60 ℃ warm water for 1 day, remove and cover the straw, often water the seeds, and sow the seeds after the crack. The broadcast method is generally adopted. Ditch deep 5cm on the seedbed, sow the seeds in the ditch, cover the soil around 3cm, gently press, properly shade, and keep the seedbed moist, transplant in the second year after emergence.

Coix seed is the dry mature seed of Coix of Gramineae. The product is mainly produced in Liaoning, Hebei, Jiangsu, Fujian, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan and other provinces. The main disease of Coix seed is smut, so the seed must be treated strictly before sowing. The method is to soak the seed in 60 ℃ warm water for 10 minutes, then put the seed in a cloth bag, soak it in 5% limewater or 100 times Bordeaux solution, press the material on it to keep it from coming out of the water, soak it for 24 hours, rinse it twice with clean water. The sowing season of Coix varies greatly with different varieties, climate and soil conditions. It is suitable for early-maturing varieties (also known as dwarf varieties) to sow in the first and middle of March, middle-maturing varieties (with white shell and black shell) from late March to early April, and late-maturing varieties (also known as high-stem varieties) from late April to early May. Live broadcast is usually used. Trench the seedbed according to the row spacing 33cm, spread the seeds evenly into the ditch (with seed 4-5kg per mu), cover with charred ash, cover the seeds, and then cover the soil to the border level.

Radix Isatidis is a biennial herb of Isatis indigotica in Cruciferae, which is treated with roots (Radix Isatidis) and leaves (Isatis indigotica). The product is mainly produced in Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and other places. Its sowing time is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing, generally, in addition to leaving the field to use autumn sowing, medicinal materials commodities mostly use spring sowing. Spring sowing is from "Qingming Festival" to "Grain Rain", while autumn sowing is around "the End of Heat". The method is to select full seeds, remove impurities, soak them in water for 1 hour, mix them with twice the mature compost after sieving, then open a shallow ditch about 1.5cm according to the row spacing 20-25cm on the finished border, spread the seeds evenly into the ditch, cover the soil with 2cm, and use seed 2-4kg per mu. Seedlings can emerge 5-10 days after sowing.

Gardenia jasminoides is the dry ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides. The product is mainly produced in Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Hubei, Henan, Anhui and other provinces. Gardenia is sown in spring and autumn, and spring sowing is the best. Spring sowing is mostly from late February to early March, and autumn sowing is from late September to October. Peel off the pericarp before sowing, take out the seeds, soak them in water, gently rub the seeds, remove the sundries that float on the surface and the seeds that are not full, soak the seeds in warm water of 45 ℃ for 24 hours, then sprinkle the base fertilizer (human fecal urine 1500-2000kg) on the seedbed, flatten it, press the row spacing 20-25cm, open the shallow ditch of 2cm, sow the seeds evenly into the ditch, cover 2cm ash or fine soil, slightly compact, cover grass and moisturize. After raising seedlings for one year, the height of seedlings can be transferred about 35cm.