High-yielding cultivation techniques of traditional Chinese Medicine Ma Yam

In recent years, Mashan medicine has been favored by consumers because of its rich nutrition, high medicinal value and the ability to use both food and medicine. Ma yam generally produces 2500-3000 kg per mu of root, and the net income per mu is above Yuan. When the market is good, the output value per mu of high-yield plots exceeds 10,000 yuan, so planting Ma Yam is a way to increase farmers' income.

First, land preparation and seed selection. Choose the sandy loam with high terrain, good drainage and deep soil layer. Loosen the soil and fertilize the soil and irrigate the soil moisture. The hard yam tail at the upper end of the disease-free root was selected as the seed block, and the new high-fat membrane (which can be mixed with seed coating agent) was used as seed soaking treatment, which could ward off underground diseases and insects, isolate virus infection, strengthen respiratory intensity and improve seed germination rate.

Second, do border planting. It can be planted when the air temperature is maintained at 12 ℃ and the ground temperature is stable above 10 ℃. 7-10 days before sowing, cover with wet sand, cover with plastic film, and accelerate germination. The ditches were opened at a distance of 80 cm, with a wide row spacing of 80 cm, a narrow row spacing of 30 cm, a planting depth of 3 cm to 4.5 cm, and a plant spacing of 15 cm to 20 cm. The tail of yam was laid in the ditch in the same direction and covered with soil. For those with more buds, 1 or 2 strong buds should be selected and the rest should be removed as soon as possible.

Third, field management. After the emergence of yam, it is necessary to draw vines in time. If there are too many lateral branches, you can remove the basal lateral vines and retain the upper lateral vines. In the early stage of growth, the weeds should be ploughed and weeded on duty until half of the vine is on the shelf. In the first half of the shelf and the full shelf, each topdressing once, appropriate topdressing some potash fertilizer or foliar fertilizer, while spraying new high-fat film to improve stress resistance. When the leaves begin to expand, the medicinal herb Root Daling is sprayed on the leaves. The leaf photosynthesis products (nutrients) were transported to the root system, the nutrient conversion rate and soil loosening ability were improved, the rhizome was expanded rapidly, and the medicinal content was greatly increased. Ma yam is a drought-tolerant crop. In order to increase its yield, it should be lightly watered for 1 or 2 times under the weather condition of long drought and no rain. In case of rainy weather, it should be drained in time to prevent waterlogging.

Fourth, pest control. Anthracnose is a common disease in the production of Ma yam. Once it is found that there is a disease spot on the leaf surface, an appropriate amount of mancozeb plus new high-fat membrane foliar spray can be used in the initial stage, usually once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times. Nematode is a major pest of Chinese yam, the control method is generally 5% per mu of methophos granules 3 kg evenly scattered in the planting ditch.