Cumin cultivation technique

Cumin is an annual herb of Umbelliferae and cumin celery, which is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine. The fruit (seed) is not only used as medicine, but also used for seasoning and making spices. Cumin plant height 28-45 cm, strong adaptability, like warm and dry climate, cold resistance, temperature, waterlogging, salinity and continuous cropping, should not apply more farm fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer to prevent overgrowth caused lodging, three counties (districts) in Zhangye City, Gansu Province are the most suitable for planting. Shandan, Minle and Sunan are also partly planted.

I. Land selection and land preparation

1. Selection of stubble and soil preparation: cumin planting should choose sandy loam or loam with good ventilation, deep soil layer, loose soil, medium fertility and low saline-alkali content. Wheat, corn, tomato and cotton are suitable for the first stubble, and flax and melons are avoided. After the previous crop is harvested, turn the land deeply, combine autumn ploughing and raking to preserve soil moisture and irrigate autumn or winter water. When the land is thawed in the early spring of the second year, the size of the land should be about 1 mu, and the land with more than 1.3 mu should be in the shape of "field". The ground should be flat, the soil is fine, and there is no soil. If the gap between the nozzle and the land is large, it is necessary to open the canal along the nozzle and let the water enter the ground along the multiple ports of the canal during irrigation, so as to slow down the speed of water flow and ensure uniform irrigation. Prepare clean sand with small grains, no salt and no grass seeds (8-10 cubic meters / mu) in the corner.

2. Scientific fertilization: combined with autumn ploughing and soil preparation, 3-4 cubic meters of farm manure is applied per mu. Before sowing combined with spring soil preparation, one-time application of diammonium phosphate 10-20 kg, or calcium superphosphate 40 kg, rake 25 cm deep. Weedy plots, 7-10 days before sowing, spray 200 grams of 48% dimethamine EC per mu and 30 kilograms of water on the surface and rake into the soil in time to kill weeds. In order to prevent diseases, the soil can be treated with 50 grams of Luheng No. 1 plus 30 kilograms of water per mu 2-3 days before sowing, spraying the surface and raking 10-20 centimeters deeply. The application in the soil can also spray the liquid on the fine sand to make the medicinal sand. The dry and wet sand should be spread evenly on the surface and raked. Do not apply drugs unevenly or overdose, so as not to cause drug injury to seedlings.

II. Seed selection and sowing

1. Variety selection: at present, the varieties planted in Zhangye City are * * large grains and local varieties retained by local farmers. When buying large seeds, choose seeds with dark green color, full grains, good maturity, germination rate of more than 80%, no impurities, no diseases and insect pests, purchased from regular channels and with formal invoices. Farmers keep their own seeds, which are required to keep fine seeds with bright color, good disease resistance (healthy species selected from seriously diseased fields), strong growth potential, strong plants, many ears, large grains, full grains and natural maturity. In order to kill some seed-borne germs and promote early seedling emergence, soak the seeds in warm water of 50-55 ℃ for 15 minutes before sowing, and keep stirring to remove the blighted grains and impurities that surfaced, then soak them at room temperature for 8-12 hours, remove the sunken seeds, dry the surface moisture, mix them with sand and sow them.

2. sowing at the right time: cumin Sichuan generally sows at the end of March, while Minle and Shandan areas generally sow in the first ten days of April. There are three ways to sow seeds, and you can choose any one according to the conditions. One is sowing: on a windless day, the seeds are scattered evenly on the surface, and then cover with sand 1-1.2 cm. Those with poor soil moisture before planting can be irrigated once after sand mulching, and loosen the soil surface when the epidermis is white, in order to benefit the whole seedling. The second is strip sowing: first, mix the seeds and sand well, put them into the seed box, and then sow the seeds in a row with a seeder. In order to ensure the sowing quality, the sowing depth is controlled at 2-2.5 cm, the row spacing is 10-15 cm, and the surface is flat after sowing. Third, plastic film planting: with 1.45 meters of plastic film, spread the plastic film 5-7 days before sowing, so that the soil moisture is sufficient, plastic film stick to the ground, with artificial roller bucket hole sowing, hole depth 1.3-2.5 cm, hole distance 10 cm. The effective film surface is controlled at 1.3 meters, with 1 row of sugar beet in the middle, 4 rows of cumin on both sides, a total of 8 rows, and a line spacing of 15 cm. After sowing, the hole is covered with sand, which can not only ensure the seed germination, but also ensure that the hole and membrane hole are not misplaced. The seed amount of the above methods is controlled at 1.5 kg / mu. In order to properly shade, improve land utilization and increase efficiency, cumin can also be interplanted with corn, fennel, Bupleurum and other crops.

III. Field management

1, timely and appropriate amount of irrigation: after sowing, if it is autumn sand, timely irrigation of planting water. If it is winter water, the soil moisture is sufficient, you can not irrigate it. The amount of water in the irrigation head at the 2-leaf stage after emergence should be sufficient, and it is appropriate that there is no stagnant water in the field 2-3 hours after irrigation. The amount of water irrigated with two water in full bloom is less than that of head water, and it is appropriate that there is no stagnant water in the field 1-2 hours after irrigation. Water should be irrigated for 2-3 times during the whole growth period to avoid long drought and irrigation before rain, and flood irrigation and stagnant water for a long time after irrigation are strictly prohibited in summer. Based on the principle of multi-nozzle, small plots, small water shallow irrigation, morning and evening low temperature irrigation, avoid low-lying water in the field and irrigation horse water.

2. Reasonable topdressing: according to the growth of cumin, appropriate topdressing. Before flowering after seedling, any kind of liquid fertilizer such as 1000 times of plant power 2003, 750x liquid of Gaomeishi and Landa liquid micro-fertilizer was sprayed on stems and leaves to promote plant growth and enhance stress resistance, spraying 2-3 times at intervals of 7-10 days. If the plant is yellow and the growth is weak, it can also be combined with irrigation, applying 10-12 kg of ammonium nitrate per mu.

3. Weeding and thinning seedlings: after cumin emergence, if there are many weeds in the field, weeds should be weeded manually in time, usually twice in the whole growth period. Combined with weeding, pulling out all yellow seedlings, diseased seedlings, weak seedlings and some seedlings with dense growth, so that the healthy plants are evenly distributed, the field is ventilated and transparent, the individual development is good, and the population yield is increased. It is better to protect 30-400000 seedlings per mu. When the density was more than 500000 plants / mu, the yield decreased with the increase of density.

4. disease prevention and control: when it is rainy and poor drainage, ditches should be opened in time to prevent rotting roots. When root rot was found, 50 grams of mu spray Luheng 2 wettable powder or 150 grams of methyl thiophanate wettable powder sprayed 30 kg of water, once at intervals of 7-10 days, and 2-3 times in succession. The use of any pesticides is prohibited 7-10 days before harvest, and the use of highly toxic pesticides is strictly prohibited throughout the growing season.

Fourth, harvest at the right time. Around July 10, it can be harvested when the needles of the plant turn yellow, the stem turns white, the grain is full and ripe. During harvest, the whole plant is pulled up by artificial roots, the soil is shaken, tied into small bundles, and then concentrated to the grinding place, dried for 1-2 days to 70-80% dry, it can be crushed and harvested.