Cultivation techniques of Rhodiola sachalinensis

Rhodiola sachalinensis, also known as Rhodiola sachalinensis, is the dried root and rhizome of Rhodiola sachalinensis (Rhodiolasachalinensis A.Bor.), a perennial herb of Rhodiola. It has ideal functions of anti-fatigue, anti-aging, nourishing strength, improving work efficiency and adapting to the original, etc. The aboveground part is also used for medicinal purposes. It is mainly produced in Changbai Mountain area of Jilin Province and Shangzhi, Hailin and Ning'an counties of Heilongjiang Province. At present, there has been large-scale artificial cultivation in the mountainous areas of the three northeastern provinces.

(1) morphological characteristics

Perennial herbs, flower stems erect, unbranched, plant height 15-30 (- 39) cm, 70 flower stems per plant, up to more than 300, showing clump growth. Leaves simple, alternate, leaf blade oblong or oblong-spatulate to oblong-needle-shaped, sessile, leaf blade 5 cm long and 0.4 mi 1.3 cm wide, base cuneate, apex extremely acute or acuminate, margin coarsely serrate, lower part subentire. Cymes terminal, densely many flowered, pedicels 5-6 cm long, pedicels 0.3-0.5 cm long, proximally bracteate. Dioecious or dioecious, sepals 4, petals 4 (sparse 5), yellow or yellowish green, linear-lanceolate or oblong, 3mur6 mm long, apex obtuse; stamens 8 in male flowers, longer than petals, 4 bearing petals, slightly longer than petals, anthers rounded, bright yellow after opening. The middle part of the flower has degenerated carpels, most of which are sterile and a few of them develop into fruit. There are 4 oblong orange nectaries at the base of petals; female petals yellowish green, slightly narrower than those of Hua Hua, apex slightly pointed, carpels 4 (sparse 5) erect, grayish green, style curved, scales 4, glandular, oblong, apex emarginate. Follicles lanceolate, erect, 6 Mel 8 mm long, beak 1 mm long, fruit brown or brown at maturity; seeds oblong or lanceolate, brown or light brown, ca. 2 mm. The flowering period is from June to July and the fruiting period is late August. After artificial cultivation, the flowering and fruiting stage was about one month earlier than that in the wild.

(2) growth habits

Wild Rhodiola sachalinensis has strong adaptability and can grow and develop normally in high-altitude mountain areas under very bad natural conditions, and the growth period is 70 ~ 80 days. Like warm and cool climate, cold resistance, low temperature resistance, drought resistance, fear of waterlogging, avoid high temperature and humid climate in summer.

The seed is very small, with a 1000-seed weight of 0.13 ℃ and 0.14 g. It has the characteristic of incomplete dormancy. The suitable germination temperature is 15 ℃ 20 min, and the early spring surface temperature is 10 min. Most of the seeds lost their germination ability after being stored at room temperature for one year. The germination rate remained good when stored at low temperature below O ℃ for 2 years.

The seedlings emerged 7 days after sowing under suitable conditions, and the seedlings grew slowly at the initial stage, liked moisture, tolerated low temperature, avoided strong light, and accelerated growth after aboveground stem growth, drought tolerance and light tolerance. The plant height of one-year-old seedling is 7ml 10cm, a few plants blossom, and the height of biennial plant is 10m-15cm, most of which are flowering and fruiting.

(3) cultivation techniques

1. Rhodiola sachalinensis should be cultivated in the mountainous areas with high altitude, cool climate, short frost-free period and large temperature difference between day and night in summer. Low-altitude plain areas, areas with high temperature and rainy summer and long frost-free period are not suitable for cultivation. The specific cultivation site should choose the loam or sandy loam with more humus, deep soil layer, sufficient sunshine and good drainage, which can be cultivated by forest harvesting land or raw wasteland in mountain area, and can also be cultivated in old ginseng land in Northeast China. It is best to choose the land with loose fertilizer and close to the water source in the seedling land, and the hillside land with good drainage and sand content in the soil as far as possible. Clay, saline-alkali soil and low-lying waterlogged land are not suitable for cultivation.

After selecting the land, turn 30 to 40 centimeters deep, remove debris from the field, break the soil, and make a border along the slope, with a width of 1.2 meters and a height of 25 centimeters, and the working path is 50 centimeters wide and 70 centimeters wide. generally, no fertilizer is applied. If the soil is too barren, an appropriate amount of rotten farm manure can be applied instead of chemical fertilizer. If the old ginseng field is selected for cultivation, the soil should be disinfected before sowing.

2. in the production of propagation method, seeds are mainly used to propagate, which are concentrated in the first year, transplanted in the second year, and harvested after 4 years of growth. The second is to propagate with rhizome and harvest after growing for 2 years.

(l) the fresh and mature seeds were sown in spring or autumn, the spring sowing time was from late March to the first ten days of April, and the autumn sowing was from the middle of October to before freezing. The seeds should be soaked in water when sowing in spring. the specific method is to concentrate the seeds in a clean cloth bag, soak the cloth bag in normal water for 40 minutes, change the water for 2 times a day, and dry the seeds in a cool and ventilated place to remove surface moisture. Sow immediately when the seeds can spread naturally. When sowing, first scrape the soil on the surface of the nursery bed with a plank, make a ditch across the border according to the row spacing of 8 mi 10 cm, the ditch depth is 3 mi 5 mm, spread the seeds evenly in the ditch, sow 1.5 Mel 2.0 grams per square meter, cover the sifted fine soil 2 MUE 3 mm, compact the bed with hands or wood, and then cover the bed with a layer of straw or pine to moisturize.

(2) transplanting seedlings after growing for one year, the transplanting time is after the aboveground parts withered in the autumn of that year or before turning green in the spring of the following year, the transplanting effect is better in spring, generally in late March to early April when the seedlings have not yet germinated, first dig out all the seedlings, transplant them according to the size of the species, the planting row spacing is 20 cm, the plant spacing is 1012 cm, the horizontal border is ditched, the ditch depth is 10 cm 12 cm. Plant the top buds upward into the ditch, cover the soil thickness to cover the top buds 2ml 3cm, slightly suppress after planting, watering when the soil is too dry, about 50 large seedlings per square meter, and 60 seedlings can be planted.

(3) Rhizome propagation to collect wild rhizomes or cut off large rhizomes for planting during harvest, first cut the rhizome into a 4 cm long rhizome section, then dry it in a cool place for 4 hours, so that the surface of the planting wound is healed, and then plant according to the time and method of the above transplanting item. during planting, the neck buds of the rhizome section are tilted upward in the ditch, covered with a thickness of 5 cm and 6 cm, and properly suppressed after cutting. The survival rate is generally more than 95%.

3. Field management

(l) the seedlings in the seedling field grew slowly at the initial stage, and the seedlings unearthed for 20 days still had only 2 cotyledons and the plants were very small, but the weeds grew fast at this time, so the weeds in the field should be removed in time. Always keep the bed moist during the seedling period, and water the bed with a fine-hole spray can at any time during drought. When the seedlings begin to emerge, remove the straw from the bed cover one by one in the morning or evening, so that the seedlings are properly exposed to light. After growing out of the aboveground stem, according to the emergence of seedlings, the seedlings are too dense, or replanted elsewhere.