Cultivation techniques of Gladiolus

Gladiolus rich in color, gorgeous, spikes longer, from bottom to top open, with other flower types can not play a unique role; and vase lasting, easy to transport, one of the world's four famous cut flowers.

I. Characteristics

Gladiolus alias gladiolus, calamus, gladiolus tail family is perennial bulbous flowers. Plant height 80~170 cm, corm oblate or oval, with ring section. 6 - 9 leaves, sword-shaped. Scorpion tail shape umbel, with flowers 8~24, flowers large. Gladiolus likes cool, cold, fear of heat, loose, fertile, moist, well-drained soil. The optimum temperature for growth is 20~25℃ in the daytime and 10~15℃ at night. Gladiolus is a long-day plant, with 16 hours of light per day is the most suitable.

II. Gladiolus varieties

Gladiolus is a multi-generation hybrid of many sources, and there is no recognized unified species name. Gladiolus classification methods are many, can be divided into spring flowers, summer flowers by flowering; flowers can be divided into regular, irregular; according to flower size can be divided into giant flowers, flowers, florets; according to flower type can be divided into horn type, lotus type, swallow type and so on.

III. Cultivation Management

(1) In production, the bulbs are mainly planted. In spring, they are graded according to the size of the bulbs. They are soaked in 800 times solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl powder or 1000 times solution of carbendazim and 1500 times solution of captan for 30 minutes, and then germinated at 20~25℃. They can be planted for about one week. The virus infection is serious, the degeneration obvious variety, may use the stem tip virus-free to cause the plant to rejuvenate.

(2) The conventional cultivation of Gladiolus refers to the cultivation under natural conditions, generally selecting seed balls with a diameter of more than 2.5 cm. There are two planting methods: ridge planting and ridge planting, planting depth 5~10 cm. Gladiolus is sensitive to environmental factors when it produces the second leaf, such as low temperature and weak light, the number of "blind flowers" increases.

In general, 6~9 kg of nitrogen, 6~12 kg of phosphorus and 7~12 kg of potassium are applied per mu during soil preparation. Three topdressing treatments are needed in the whole growing season, i.e., once when 2~3 leaves are sprouted, once when inflorescences are sprouted from leaves and 15 days after flowering.

(3) To facilitate the cultivation of Gladiolus, it is necessary to break the dormancy of the seed ball first. After harvesting, dormancy can be broken under natural conditions from late autumn to early winter under the influence of low temperature. To facilitate cultivation, dormancy must be broken artificially, that is, after seed ball harvest, it should be treated with high temperature of 35℃ for 15~20 days, then treated with low temperature of 2~3℃ for 20 days, and then transplanted, so that it can germinate and grow normally.

If it is required to flower in January to February, it will be planted in October to November; if it is planted in December, it will flower in March to May. From planting to flowering, it takes 100 - 120 days. The row spacing of plants for promoting cultivation was 15cm×15cm or 25cm×7cm, and 40~60 bulbs were planted per square meter. After planting, the temperature should be kept at 20~25℃ during the day and about 15℃ at night.

(d) Gladiolus can also be cultivated later. After harvesting, the bulbs are stored in a dry refrigerator at 3~5℃, and replanted in a greenhouse in July ~ August of the next year. The management work is the same as that of the forced cultivation.

(5) The main diseases of gladiolus are:

1. Penicillium rot

Harvesting and transportation, try not to make the seed ball injured; before planting with 2% potassium permanganate solution soak: hours; growth process at any time to pull out sick plants.

2. Dry rot

When planting, disease-free seed balls are selected, and diseased plants are pulled out in time during growth.

3."Blind Flower"

It is a physiological disease that occurs mostly in protected cultivation in winter. The method of prevention is to ensure the appropriate temperature and light, and select varieties that are resistant to low temperatures and short days.

The main pests are two-line slime slugs, which can be sprayed with lime water and ammonia water; lime powder is sprinkled around the garden to prevent them from entering; artificial culling.

(6) Cut flowers can be harvested 60 to 100 days after planting, and the specific time depends on the variety. When 1~5 florets in the lower part of the inflorescence are transparent, they are usually picked together with 2~3 leaves. Be careful not to hurt the leaves left on the lower stem, so as to continue to supply new bulbs and seed bulbs. The flowers collected should be packaged in grades, placed in a storage at about 4 ° C, and transported to consumers within 3 to 7 days. If the storage or transportation time is too long, the quality will decrease.