Cultivation techniques of alpinia officinalis

Alpinia officinarum is the dried ripe fruit of alpinia officinarum (Alpinia officinarum Hance), also known as alpinia officinarum, alpinia officinarum and so on. It has the effect of warming stomach and dispelling cold, relieving food and relieving pain. Gaoliang Jiangye is born in tropical and subtropical grasslands on gentle slopes or in bushes in low mountains and hills. Mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Taiwan and other places.

(1) morphological characteristics

Perennial herbs. Plants 40-100 cm tall, tufted, erect; rhizome transverse, Terete, reddish brown or purplish red; leaves alternate, 2-row, leaf blade narrowly linear-lanceolate, apex acuminate, base attenuate, entire or with inconspicuous sparse obtuse teeth, leaves smooth on both surfaces, sheath open and clasping, ligule up to 3 cm long, membranous, brown Racemes bearing racemes, flowers simple, brown, Corolla tube funnelform, labellum ovate, white with red stripes; capsule globose, indehiscent, orange-red at maturity, with many obtuse brown seeds.

(2) growth habits

Like warm and humid climate, resistant to drought, afraid of flooding. In Xuwen County, Guangdong Province, the main producing area, the annual average temperature is 23.3 ℃, and the annual rainfall is 1100ml 1803mm. It grows well and does not adapt to strong light, so certain shading conditions are required. The requirements for soil are not strict, and it is better to have deep, loose and fertile red soil or sandy loam rich in humus.

(3) cultivation techniques

1. Sloping land or gentle sloping land with convenient drainage and irrigation, fertile and loose soil should be selected for planting. It can also be planted under shelterbelts or fruit trees. Ploughing in autumn and winter, land preparation and bedding, the width of the bed is 1.2 meters, and 2000ml 2500 kg of mature farm manure is applied per mu as base fertilizer.

2. The method of reproduction is to propagate with seeds and rhizomes.

The main results are as follows: (1) seed reproduction is sown with harvest, usually in autumn, and it is better from August to early September. On the whole seedbed, sow in a shallow trench with a row spacing of 10 centimeters, spread the treated seeds evenly in the ditch, cover the grass after covering the soil, and water and moisturize. The seeds germinated after about 20 days. Generally, seedlings can not be planted until half a year later.

(2) Rhizome propagation selected 1-2-year-old sturdy rhizome with 5 Mel 6 buds, no diseases and insect pests, fatter and fatter rhizome. There were two cultivation species in Gaoliang and poor. Niu Ginger was mostly used as seed in the producing area, cutting into a small segment of about 15 cm, with 2 Mel and 3 nodes per segment. Reproduce in spring and autumn. In the whole land, plant holes according to the row spacing of 30 cm x 25 cm, 2 sections in each hole, slightly compacted after covering the soil, and fixed root water. Use rhizome about 80 kg per mu.

3. Field management

The main results are as follows: (1) after the shade seeds germinate, remove the cover grass in time, and set up the shade shed properly.

(2) when the seedlings grow out of 3mur6cm, the seedlings become weak and remain strong, so that the distance between plants is 4cm.

(3) three times of weeding in the early stage of weeding and watering, and one time in summer and autumn after closing. Watering or irrigation during drought to keep the soil moist and promote plant tillering and rhizome growth.

(4) intercropping and mixing can be interplanted under mango forest or mixed with pineapple, sweet potato and other crops.

(5) applying water fertilizer with thin human and animal manure about 50 days after topdressing and soil cultivation. After the plant was closed, the compound fertilizer was applied once, 20ml / mu, 25kg. It is beneficial to promote growth and accelerate forward growth by combining loose soil around the plant to cultivate soil, or to combine soil miscellaneous fertilizer and topsoil at the base of the plant in late autumn and early winter. At the same time, 3000 kg of farm manure is applied per mu.

4. Pest control

The main results are as follows: (1) Root rot mostly occurs in high temperature season. Prevention and control method: root irrigation with 0.2Mel 0.4 Baumedu stone sulfur mixture.

(2) Drillworms and leaf rollers damage tender leaves and stem tips. Control method: spray with 40% dimethoate 1000 times solution.

(4) harvesting and processing

Alpinia officinarum can be harvested after 4 years of planting, but 5Mel has higher yield and better quality in 6 years. Dig the roots in late summer and autumn, choose a sunny day, first cut off the aboveground stems and leaves, and then turn deeply with the plough to collect the rhizomes one by one. Remove soil, report and scale the harvested rhizome, cut the old rhizome into 5cm segments, wash them, and dry them in the sun. In the sun to 60% to 70% dry, who put 2Mui together for 3 days, and then dry, the skin wrinkle meat convex, skin reddish brown, better quality.

(5) seed retention techniques

The plant without diseases and insect pests with large fruit, full fruit, high taste and high yield was selected as the mother plant. When the fruit is ripe from August to October, that is, when the pericarp changes from green to yellow, the fresh fruit, which is large, full, reddish brown and disease-free, is collected in batches. The fresh fruit is stored indoors for about 7 days, and the pericarp is removed with fine sand.