Cultivation techniques of Achyranthes bidentata

Achyranthes bidentata is the dried root of Achyranthes bidentata, also known as Niuxi. It has the effects of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, dredging joints, etc., and is used in the treatment of amenorrhea. Symptoms such as hematuria, joint soreness, fall injury and so on. Leshan, Ya'an, Liangshan and other cities in Sichuan Province are distributed, with Tianquan, Yingjing and other counties have a long history of cultivation, high yield and good quality.

Morphological characteristics

Herbs perennial, 50ml 100 cm tall. The main root is long cylindrical, brown, slightly sweet, the stem is erect, the lower part of the stem is nearly cylindrical, the middle part is nearly quadrangular or nearly square, rough, slightly dilated. Leaves opposite, petiole densely hispid, leaf blade elliptic, apex acuminate, base cuneate, entire, surface dark green. Necklace or axillary green-white florets, flowers crowded into round heads. Utricle long elliptic-Obovate, dark gray. Base slightly sparsely pilose, seeds ovate, reddish brown. The florescence is from June to July and the fruiting period is from August to September.

I. growth habits

Achyranthes bidentata (Achyranthes bidentata) likes the cold and humid natural environment. Sichuan is mostly cultivated in high and cold mountain areas with an altitude of 1200 mi 2000 m, with annual rainfall of more than 1500 mm and snow cover for 4 months in winter.

At an altitude of about 1500 meters, the mature seeds of plants growing for 3-4 years can emerge 15 days after sowing, and the germination rate is high, and the seed life is 1 year. The first year after sowing is vegetative growth, and the second year is reproductive growth. Summer is a period of vigorous growth, and roots grow at the same time, and the end of autumn and the beginning of winter enter the winter dormancy period.

II. Land selection and land preparation

It is suitable to choose loose and fertile loam for cultivation, and the sunny slope is generally the best for hillside. 9Mel-turn the land deeply before it snows in October, preferably at a depth of more than 30cm, and after turning the leisure permafrost; turn it again before and after the Qingming Festival, fine rake flat, and make a high border of about 1.3 meters.

Third, sowing seeds

Reproduce with seeds. The seeds used in cultivation are utricles in essence, and the seed germination power varies with the growth years. The seeds produced by three-to four-year-old plants are the best. The seeds produced in the same year of cultivation often cannot germinate, and the aged seeds are not used for seed every other year. Sowing is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing, spring sowing around April, due to different elevations, sowing time is different, low altitude can be earlier, it is appropriate to sow early after snow, autumn sowing is around August. The main producing areas generally adopt the method of spring sowing in high mountains and autumn sowing in low mountains, with high emergence rate and few lack of nests.

IV. Field management

(l) weeding by intertillage and weeding by intercropping seedlings for 3 times per year. The first time in the year of sowing is in mid-and late May, and it is appropriate to hoe or pull by hand, combined with uniform seedlings and replenishing seedlings, leaving 6 seedlings per litter. This weeding is very important and should be done as early as possible; the second time is in mid-June and before mid-tillage, and 3 seedlings per litter are set, and one more time is carried out from July to August. In the second year, he ploughed and weeded 2mi 3 times. If you want to harvest in the third year, you will only do it twice.

(2) fertilization and soil cultivation combined with intertillage and topdressing 3 times a year. After the first and second ploughing, the human and animal dung water and plant ash were applied, and the soil was cultivated to prevent freezing. The thickness of the soil should be about 7 cm so that the buds of the root are buried in the soil. If the soil is not cultivated, the root head is easy to be frozen, resulting in a lack of nests and reduced production.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The main results are as follows: (1) blackhead disease mostly occurs in spring and summer, mainly because the cover of Reed head is too thin, freezing injury in winter, causing blackness and mildew. Prevention and control methods: pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention, and cultivate soil in winter.

(2) nematode disease mostly occurs in low altitude areas, forming uneven sarcomas on the roots. Control methods: pay attention to the selection of soil; treat the soil with 35-45 kg of Didi mixture per mu.

(3) the great ape leaf worm occurs from May to June and bites the leaves into small holes. The method of control was sprayed with 800 times of imidophos or 1000 times of trichlorfon.

(4) Caterpillar and red spider are harmful to leaves from May to June. Prevention and control method: it can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate EC 800ml 1500 times.

VI. Harvesting and processing

Achyranthes bidentata was harvested from October to November 3-4 years after sowing. It is required to dig deeply and reduce the loss of roots. After digging, go to the soil, cut off the Reed head, cut off the fibrous root, cut off the inverted root, and make the main root. The side reports are all single. Then according to the root size, straighten out into a small handle, stand on the Kang with anthracite fire to bake the Kang or put on the sun Kang crisp. After semi-dry, pile it up for several days, moisten it back, and then Kang or sun until it is fully dry. Usually three-year-old produces 150 Mu of dry goods of 200 kg per mu and 4-year-old 200 Mu of 250 kg.